1. Period 1 Powerpoint 2013

2. Agenda

3. Bellringer: Why are some areas more powerful than others?

4. Your Notebook Objective: – Allow student to focus on important information during their reading and to organize information. Set up (for each unit) – Objective sheet – Unit Vocabulary – 1 page for each objective (some will require more than others) Front page for students reading notes Back page for class/lecture notes – Important people

5. Expectations for notebook Will be bought to each class Students will write the objective on top of each page

6. Bellringer: What are the basic characteristics of early human societies?

7. PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC AGE

8. Paleolithic Age 12,000 BCE–humans evolved physically and mentally to the level of today Opposable thumbs & developed brain Paleolithic Achievements – Invention of tools & weapons – Language – Control of fire – Art (sculpture, jewelry, and cave paintings) Humans lived in small bands of hunter-gatherers Objective 1 Links to the objective in your notebook. Write on the BACK of the page. The front page is reserved for your reading notes. Write down any addition or missed information that you DO NOT have from your reading notes.

9. Paleolithic Age Societies Men hunt and/or fish; women gather fruits, etc. Lived in kinship groups of 20-30 people Follow migratory patterns of animals Need large portions of land to support themselves Life expectancy was 20 years or less Objective 1/2

10. Paleolithic Societies Groups were not always self-sufficient Trade with neighboring groups was often necessary Developed tools suitable for their environment Practiced animism

12. Discussion Question With the partner next to you discuss the following question: What causes technological change?

13. Defining Neolithic Revolution Define with your partner Neolithic Revolution: Define with your partner Neolithic Revolution: – Also can be called: Agricultural revolution Mr. Poth’s definition: The deliberate cultivation of particular plants as well as the taming and breeding of particular animals http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80 C9&index=1&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80 C9&index=1&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active Objective 3

14. Neolithic Revolution Around 10000 BCE, two discoveries revolutionized human society – Farming (1 st crops were wheat & barley) – Herding (1 st domesticated animals were goats, pigs, & cattle) Domesticated animals produced a new type of society called Pastoralists Objective 3

15. Origins of Agriculture Objective 3

16. Social Results of the Neolithic Revolution Social changes: – Permanent settlement – People become dependent on farming – Farming & specialized labor led to increase in technology Pottery, the plow, irrigation, woven textiles, wheeled vehicles – Gender inequality – Full-time political and religious figures emerge as community leaders – Specialized workers such as toolmakers, miners, and merchants – Despite specialization, well-defined social stratification did not exist Objective 3

17. World Population Growth Intensive agriculture caused human population to jump from 5-8 million to 60 to 70 million in 5,000 years

18. Environmental changes Slash and burn farming Some plant species die out Animals domesticated Objective 3

19. Examples of Neolithic Cities Farming & herding allowed for urban development 1st cities emerged in Middle East (Turkey & Jordan) Jericho and Catal Huyuk Objective 3

20. Pastoral Societies Nomadic peoples who herd domesticated animals Move in search of food for their animals Develop on marginal land apart from areas suitable for agriculture, often semi-arid regions Interact with agricultural societies Objective 4

21. Relationship between developing economies Exchange of ideas and products Conquest/absorption/displacement of hunter-gathers Spread of language Indo-European begin in turkey Objective 4

22. Impact of Technology changes on Human Society Basket for food storage Record keeping  writing Metals  allowing for strong tools & weapons – Bronze stronger/more useful than stone – 400 b.c.e Objective 5

23. RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS

24. Characteristic of Civilization A civilization is a complex culture with these five characteristics: 1.Specialized workers 2.Technology 3.Advanced cities 4.Institutions 5.Record keeping Objective 6

25. Ancient Mesopotamia Objective 7

26. Government (political) Initially, priest-kings rule city- states – Sumerians (c. 3500 BCE) City-states evolve into empires – Akkadians (c. 2334-2218 BCE) Land owning aristocracy dominated Develop a formal legal codes – Hammurabi’s Code (c. 1800 BCE) Objective 7

27. Religion/Culture Believed in 3,000 gods Goal: Appease gods to control nature Art and literature focus on gods and religion – Epic of Gilgamesh Contains a story of an epic flood Built ziggurats Objective 7

28. Culture Inventions: wheel, sail, and plow Bronze metallurgy 1 st system of writing – Cuneiform 1 st number system – Based on units of 10, 60, & 360 Astronomy Objective 7

29. Society Social stratification Slavery was common – One could become a slave through war, crime, or debt – Slaves were used in temples, public buildings, or private homes Patriarchal – Women could hold most occupations Nobles Freemen Slaves Objective 8

30. Economy Objective 8

31. Ancient Egypt Relatively isolated Nile flooded regularly, predictably – Provided rich soil, easy soil to farm – Civilization regulated flooding, surveying Control the Nile; control society Objective 7

32. Government Formed by 3000 BCE Unified for most of history – Early Kingdom – Middle Kingdom – Late Kingdom Theocracy – Pharaoh was a god-king – Women could be pharaohs Hatshepsut (1473-1458 BCE) Ramses II Objective 7

33. Culture Hieroglyphic writing on papyrus Mathematics – Geometry Calendar system – 365 days (off by 6 hours) Medicine Architecture Objective 7

34. Religion/Culture Thousands of gods Gods have animal and human qualities Gods & goddesses Relatively egalitarian Believe in afterlife Heaven & Hell Mummification Pyramids & Temples Objective 7

35. Social Social Stratification – Limited opportunity for social mobility Slavery common Women have more rights – Could own property, propose marriage, and demand a divorce Objective 8

36. Ancient India & China Objective 5

37. Indus River Valley Cities emerge around 2500 BCE Culturally unified city- states – Harappa and Mohenjo- Daro Mysterious ending – Environmental degradation vs. Aryan invasion Objective 7-8

38. Indus River Valley Polytheistic religion – Influenced Hinduism Planned cities with large temples Undecipherable writing system Advanced technology – Plumbing systems Objective 7-8

39. Indus River Valley http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJY DM&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&safety_mode= true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

40. Ancient China Developed in isolation along the Huang He (Yellow) River Shang dynasty emerged c. 1500 BCE – Warlike kings & landed aristocracy dominate – Cities surrounded by massive earthen walls Objective 7-8

41. Ancient China Chinese Society – Family at center of society Extended-family structure – Women were subordinate Chinese Culture – Believed spirits of family ancestors could bring good fortune or disaster – Oracle bones (right) – Bronze & silk Objective 7-8

42. Dynastic Cycle Mandate of Heaven—Rulers are chose to rule by heaven and will continue to rule as long as heaven is pleased; if heaven is not pleased, heaven will pass the mandate to another family Objective 7-8

43. The Olmec Olmec emerge in Mesoamerica c.1400-400 BCE Olmec zone is dense tropical forest Objective 7-8

44. Olmec Government & Society Several city-states with common culture Social Hierarchy – Highest rank is that of the chief – Dominated by landed aristocracy – Laborers forced to build temples, palaces, and drainage canals Objective 7-8

45. Olmec Religion Polytheistic – Deities blended male & female, animal & human characteristics Feathered-serpent god (right) – Shamans organized religious life Religion led to development of writing system and calendar Objective 7-8

46. Olmec Art Building of clay pyramids and temple mounds Particular sculptural style – Jaguars – Fine jade carving – Colossal heads Objective 7-8

47. Legacy of Ancient Civilizations Writing systems, religions, and technology was influenced the development of new civilizations and cultures Ancient civilizations decline by 1000 BCE – Subject to nomadic invasions Political and cultural centers shift to new geographical areas (except China) Objective 6

48. Why did some societies survived and others be destroyed? Discuss with your partner Objective 9