1. 8 th The race for empires Protestant Reformation Protestants Spanish Armada Northwest passage Jacques Cartier charter

2. Protestant Reformation- a religious movement started by Martin Luther that would begin in small German towns and quickly spread throughout Europe. What invention that we have learned about would help the Protestant Reformation spread so quickly?

3. Protestants- reformers who protested some of the Catholic churches practices.

4. Spanish Armada- a huge fleet of warships built by the Spanish to conquer England it would be destroyed by the smaller but faster English fleet. Why do you think the smaller faster English ships were able to destroy the larger Spanish Armada?

5. Northwest passage- a water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Why do you think many European countries wanted to find a Northwest passage?

6. Jacques Cartier-A French explorer who would lead two expeditions to Canada he would sail into the St. Lawrence River and travel all the way to present day Montréal and claim all the land for France. Why do you think colonies along the St. Lawrence River would often times struggle to survive?

7. Charter- a document given to somebody by a government that allowed them to start a colony. Why do you think countries would be eager to hand out charters to people?

8. Homework Use each vocabulary word in a sentence.

9. 7 th Origins of Islam Mecca Islam Muslim Qur’an Medina mosque

10. Mecca- the city that Muhammad the founder of the Islamic religion was born in.

11. Islam- is the religion created by Muhammad After he spoke with an angel.

12. Muslims- people that follow the religion of Islam.

13. Qur'an-the holy book of Islam it is a collection of Muhammad’s teachings.

14. Medina- translates to the prophets city Muhammad would move there and his house would become the first mosque.

15. Mosque- a building for Muslim prayer

16. Homework Use all of the vocabulary words in a paragraph.

17. 6 th Natural environments Environment ecosystem habitat humus desertification

18. Environment- the land, water, climate, plants, and animals of an area.

19. Ecosystem- is a group of plants and animals that depend on each other for survival. What would happen to an ecosystem if a plant or animal was removed from it?

20. Habitat- is the place where plants and animals live. What can have a negative effect on a habitat?

21. humus-decayed plant or animal matter that acts as a natural fertilizer. What do you think happens when there is not enough humus to fertilize the soil?

22. Desertification- the spread of desert -like conditions. What do you think would cause desertification?