1. Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities: Research-Based Practices Second Edition 0-13-233138-1 © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Science and Social Studies Chapter 15

2. Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2 Chapter objectives Describe approaches for the assessment of science and social studies Explain how teachers can support students’ understanding of science and social studies and foster positive attitudes, beliefs, and expectations about learning these subjects. Identify ways in which technology can be integrated into science and social studies instruction. Consider the influence of diversity on science and social studies instruction.

3. Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 3 Importance of science instruction Helps students make sense of their world Promotes the development of concepts, problem solving and critical thinking skills Interactive, inquiry-based learning promotes engagement and understanding

4. Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 4 Linking assessment with science instruction Assessment occurs as a normal part of the student's work Assessment should be ongoing Provide frequent feedback Linked to state and national benchmarks

5. Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 5 Teaching and learning framework Preteaching Guided practice Application Assessment

6. Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 6 Instructional strategies: science Active, inquiry-based model 5E Instructional Model Engagement Exploration Explanation Elaboration Evaluation Questioning Reciprocal teaching

7. Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7 Instructional strategies: science continued Think-alouds Scaffolding Accommodations for specific disabilities Universal design

8. Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8 Using technology in science instruction Web-based software Web-based instructional and curriculum resources National Science Foundation (NSF) National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

9. Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 9 Instructional strategies: social studies Importance of teaching reading in the content areas Teach “reading to learn” Teach strategies for reading nonfiction Teach concepts Teach how to use social studies resources Teach how to understand information conveyed by maps, models, and globes Adaptation of materials

10. Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10 Instructional strategies: social studies continued Incorporate teaching of writing Guided response journals RAFT (writer’s role, audience, format, topic) Reading and writing circles

11. Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 11 Learning routines Survey Routine Concept Anchoring Routine Concept Mastery Routine Recall Enhancement Routine

12. Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12 Using technology Software and Web resources for maps and communities Organizational and webbing software Web-based resources National Council for the Social Studies National Geographic Society History Channel and many more….

13. Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 13 Considering diversity in social studies Contributions approach Additive approach Transformative approach Social action approach Disability and diversity

14. Teaching Students with Mild and Moderate Disabilities, Second Edition Cohen and Spenciner © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 14 Summary Various approaches can be used when assessing science and social studies. Teachers can support students’ understanding of science and social studies and foster positive attitudes, beliefs, and expectations. Technology should be integrated into science and social studies instruction in order to facilitate teaching and learning. Diversity is supported through science and social studies instruction.