1. The Kingdom Protista
Chapter 20

2. Its Friday – make a new friendB
tests
Kirk
Kyle JC
Colin
Jordenne
Kaitlyn B
Kaylee
Tyler
Nichole
Tat
will
Tonja
Danika
Jonathan
Shay
Kaitlin
Maazy
Rayelle
Duncan
Alexander
Paula
Katrina
Alex H
Sophie
Ciera
Sasha
Brandon
Erin
Gabe

3. Get to know your partner
By seeing if they know…..
What is the loudest animal on earth?
sound clip

4. Blue whales are the loudest animals on Earth
Their call reaches levels up to 188 decibels.
This low-frequency whistle can be heard for hundreds of miles.
Jets reach 140 decibels!
Human shouting is 70 decibels;
over 120 decibels are painful to human ears.

5. Video clips http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5MPbZZ4xJA

6. How are Blue Whales and plankton connected?
Blue whales (like all baleen whales)
are seasonal feeders and carnivores that filter feed tiny crustaceans (krill, copepods, etc.), plankton, and small fish from the water.
Up to 9000 pounds of plankton each day!
The Food Chain
Blue whale Zooplankton Phytoplankton

7. Plankton Phytoplankton:
Phytoplankton are primary producers (autotrophs).
Use chlorophyll to convert energy (from sunlight), inorganic chemicals (like nitrogen), and dissolved carbon dioxide gas into carbohydrates.
Zooplankton:
Zooplankton are microscopic animals that eat other plankton (heterotroph).
larval or very immature stages of larger animals,
single-celled animals, like foraminifera.
tiny crustaceans, like Daphnia.

8. Plankton Plankton is the first link in the marine food chain
Consumed by mussels, fish, birds, and mammals (for example, baleen whales).

9. Soooooo
Can you think of a solution?

10. Eutrophication Organic matter depletes the water of oxygen… hypoxia
Any solutions to this?

11. Kingdom Protista Groups
Animal-like
Ciliophora 3. Zoomastigina
Sarcodina 4. Sporozoa
Plant-like
Euglenophyta
Pyrrophyta
Chrysophyta
Bacillariophyta
Fungus-like
Acrasiomycota
Myxomycota

12. Plant-Like Protists 1. PHYLUM - Euglenophyta
PHYTA = PLANT
1. PHYLUM - Euglenophyta
Euglenophytes have two flagella but no cell wall.
a cluster of reddish pigments known as an eyespot
which function to help find sunlight for photosynthesis.
NO cell wall, rather an intricate cell membrane called a pellicle
Euglenas reproduce asexually by means of binary fission

13. 2. Phylum - PYRROPHYTA
PYRRO = FIRE
Dinoflagellates are plant-like organisms that can be photosynthetic or heterotrophic
Most have 2 flagella wrapped around in grooves between 2 thick plates of cellulose that protect the cell
Most reproduce asexually by binary fission
Many species are luminescent

14. Phylum Chrysophyta Members have gold-colored chloroplasts
CHRYSO = GOLDEN
Members have gold-colored chloroplasts
-Includes yellow-green algae and golden- brown algae
Reproduction can be sexual or asexual

15. PHYLUM : Bacillariophyta
Diatoms produce thin, delicate cell walls rich in silicon (the main ingredient in glass)
Diatoms are among the most abundant organisms on Earth
Diatoms are beautiful!

16. Exit-slip In your own words why are plant-like protists important?
In your own words why are plant-like protists important?
What do you think about such small creatures fueling the largest on earth? Does it surprise you? What ideas does this bring to mind?

17. 2. FUNGAL-LIKE PROTISTS 4. PHYLUM : ACRASIOMYCOTA
- Form Cellular Slime Molds

18. 5. PHYLUM : Myxomycota
Form Non-cellular (Acellular) Slime Molds called Plasmodiums

20. Commonly called “DOG VOMIT Slime Mold”

21. Chlorophyll & Acessory Pigments
One of the key characteristics used to classify algae is the type of photosynthetic pigments they contain
In adapting to conditions of limited light, various groups of algae have evolved different forms of chlorophyll
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll c
Each form of chlorophyll absorbs different wavelengths of light
Many algae also have accessory pigments that absorb light at different wavelengths than chlorophyll

22. Euglenophytes

23. Red Tides
Great blooms of the dinoflagellates Gonyoulax Polyhedron have occurred in recent years on our coasts
These blooms are known as “red tides”
These species release a potentially harmful toxin that infect certain shellfish
Eating these infected shellfish can be harmful or fatal Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

24. Plant-Like Protists: Red, Brown, and Green Algae
The 3 phyla of algae that are largely multicellular are commonly known as red algae, brown algae, and green algae
A major difference among these phyla are their photosynthetic pigments

25. Red Algae
Red algae are plant-like protists that are members of the phylum Rhodophyta
Meaning “red plants”
Red algae are able to live at great depths due to their efficiency in harvesting reddish accessory pigments called phycobilins
Phycobilins absorb blue light, enabling red algae to live deeper in the ocean
Most red algae are multicellular and can live in waters from the polar regions to the tropics
Example: Chondrus crispus (irish moss)

26. Red Algae
Turkish Towel
Chondrus crispus
(Irish moss)

27. Brown Algae
Brown algae are plant-like protists that belong to the phylum Phaeophyta
Means “dusky plants”
Brown algae contain chlorophyll a and c, as well as a brown accessory pigment, fucoxanthin
All brown algae are multicellular and most live in cool, shallow, coastal marine waters
Examples: giant kelp, Sargassum, and Fucus

28. Brown Algae
Giant kelp

29. Green Algae Green algae are members of the phylum Chlorophyts
Means “green plants”
Green algae share many characteristics with plants, including their photosynthetic pigments and cell wall composition
Have cellulose in cell wall
Contain chlorophyll a and b
Store food in the form of starch
Green algae can be found in fresh or salt water
Some are single cells (ex: Chlamydomonas)
Some form colonies (ex: Volvox)
Some are multi-cellular (ex: Ulva)

30. Green Algae Chlamhydomonas unicellular green algae Volvox colonial
Ulva
multicellular
green algae

31. Human Uses of Algae Ice creams Salad dressings Plastics Waxes
Deodorants
Paints
Agar

32. Fungus-Like Protists
Fungus-like protists are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter
Unlike true fungi, however, funguslike protists have centrioles and lack chitin in their cell wall
The fungus-like protists include:
Cellular slime molds
Acellular slime molds
Water molds

33. Slime Molds
Slime molds are fungus-like protists that play key roles in recycling organic material
They are found in damp places that are rich in organic matter, such as forest floors
The 2 groups of slime molds are:
Cellular slime molds (individual cells remain distinct)
Acellular slime molds (cells fuse to form larger cells during some life cycle phases)

34. Cellular Slime Molds
Cellular slime molds belong to the phylum Acrasiomycots
Individuals can form large slug-like colony that functions as a single unit during harsh times

35. Acellular Slime Molds
Acellular slime molds belong to the phylum Myxomycota
During the course of their life cycle, their cells fuse to produce structures with many nuclei known as plasmodia

36. Water Molds Water molds are members of the phylum Oomycota
They thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in water and are plant parasites on land