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Fig. 13-1
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TECHNIQUE 5 µm Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere
Fig. 13-3b TECHNIQUE 5 µm Pair of homologous replicated chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids Metaphase chromosome
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Key Maternal set of chromosomes (n = 3) 2n = 6 Paternal set of
Fig. 13-4 Key Maternal set of chromosomes (n = 3) 2n = 6 Paternal set of chromosomes (n = 3) Two sister chromatids of one replicated chromosome Centromere Two nonsister chromatids in a homologous pair Pair of homologous chromosomes (one from each set)
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Fig. 13-7-1 Interphase Homologous pair of chromosomes
in diploid parent cell Chromosomes replicate Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes Sister chromatids Diploid cell with replicated chromosomes
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Fig. 13-7-2 Interphase Homologous pair of chromosomes
in diploid parent cell Chromosomes replicate Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes Sister chromatids Diploid cell with replicated chromosomes Meiosis I 1 Homologous chromosomes separate Haploid cells with replicated chromosomes
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Fig. 13-7-3 Interphase Homologous pair of chromosomes
in diploid parent cell Chromosomes replicate Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes Sister chromatids Diploid cell with replicated chromosomes Meiosis I 1 Homologous chromosomes separate Haploid cells with replicated chromosomes Meiosis II 2 Sister chromatids separate Haploid cells with unreplicated chromosomes
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Fig. 13-8 Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I and
Cytokinesis Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II and Cytokinesis Centrosome (with centriole pair) Sister chromatids remain attached Centromere (with kinetochore) Sister chromatids Chiasmata Spindle Metaphase plate Sister chromatids separate Haploid daughter cells forming Homologous chromosomes Homologous chromosomes separate Cleavage furrow Fragments of nuclear envelope Microtubule attached to kinetochore
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Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Centrosome (with centriole pair)
Fig. 13-8a Telophase I and Cytokinesis Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Centrosome (with centriole pair) Sister chromatids remain attached Centromere (with kinetochore) Sister chromatids Chiasmata Spindle Metaphase plate Homologous chromosomes separate Cleavage furrow Homologous chromosomes Fragments of nuclear envelope Microtubule attached to kinetochore
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Prophase I Metaphase I Centrosome (with centriole pair) Centromere
Fig. 13-8b Prophase I Metaphase I Centrosome (with centriole pair) Centromere (with kinetochore) Sister chromatids Chiasmata Spindle Metaphase plate Homologous chromosomes Fragments of nuclear envelope Microtubule attached to kinetochore
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Telophase I and Cytokinesis
Fig. 13-8c Telophase I and Cytokinesis Anaphase I Sister chromatids remain attached Homologous chromosomes separate Cleavage furrow
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Telophase II and Cytokinesis
Fig. 13-8d Telophase II and Cytokinesis Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Sister chromatids separate Haploid daughter cells forming
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Fig. 13-8e Prophase II Metaphase II
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Telephase II and Cytokinesis
Fig. 13-8f Telephase II and Cytokinesis Anaphase II Sister chromatids separate Haploid daughter cells forming
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Fig. 13-9 MITOSIS MEIOSIS Chiasma MEIOSIS I Parent cell Chromosome
replication Chromosome replication Prophase Prophase I Homologous chromosome pair Replicated chromosome 2n = 6 Metaphase Metaphase I Anaphase Anaphase I Telophase Telophase I Haploid n = 3 Daughter cells of meiosis I 2n 2n MEIOSIS II Daughter cells of mitosis n n n n Daughter cells of meiosis II SUMMARY Property Mitosis Meiosis DNA replication Occurs during interphase before mitosis begins Occurs during interphase before meiosis I begins Number of divisions One, including prophase, metaphase, anahase, and telophase Two, each including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase Synapsis of homologous chromosomes Does not occur Occurs during prophase I along with crossing over between nonsister chromatids; resulting chiasmata hold pairs together due to sister chromatid cohesion Number of daughter cells and genetic composition Two, each diploid (2n) and genetically identical to the parent cell Four, each haploid (n), containing half as many chromosomes as the parent cell; genetically different from the parent cell and from each other Role in the animal body Enables multicellular adult to arise from zygote; produces cells for growth, repair, and, in some species, asexual reproduction Produces gametes; reduces number of chromosomes by half and introduces genetic variability amoung the gametes
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Replicated chromosome
Fig. 13-9a MITOSIS MEIOSIS MEIOSIS I Parent cell Chiasma Chromosome replication Chromosome replication Prophase I Prophase Homologous chromosome pair 2n = 6 Replicated chromosome Metaphase Metaphase I Anaphase Telophase Anaphase I Telophase I Haploid n = 3 Daughter cells of meiosis I 2n 2n MEIOSIS II Daughter cells of mitosis n n n n Daughter cells of meiosis II
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Fig. 13-9b SUMMARY Property Mitosis Meiosis DNA replication
Occurs during interphase before mitosis begins Occurs during interphase before meiosis I begins Number of divisions One, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase Two, each including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase Synapsis of homologous chromosomes Does not occur Occurs during prophase I along with crossing over between nonsister chromatids; resulting chiasmata hold pairs together due to sister chromatid cohesion Number of daughter cells and genetic composition Two, each diploid (2n) and genetically identical to the parent cell Four, each haploid (n), containing half as many chromosomes as the parent cell; genetically different from the parent cell and from each other Role in the animal body Enables multicellular adult to arise from zygote; produces cells for growth, repair, and, in some species, asexual reproduction Produces gametes; reduces number of chromosomes by half and introduces genetic variability among the gametes
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Possibility 2 Possibility 1 Two equally probable arrangements of
Fig Possibility 1 Possibility 2 Two equally probable arrangements of chromosomes at metaphase I
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Possibility 2 Possibility 1 Two equally probable arrangements of
Fig Possibility 1 Possibility 2 Two equally probable arrangements of chromosomes at metaphase I Metaphase II
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Possibility 1 Possibility 2 Two equally probable arrangements of
Fig Possibility 1 Possibility 2 Two equally probable arrangements of chromosomes at metaphase I Metaphase II Daughter cells Combination 1 Combination 2 Combination 3 Combination 4
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Prophase I Nonsister of meiosis chromatids held together
Fig Prophase I of meiosis Nonsister chromatids held together during synapsis Pair of homologs
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Prophase I Nonsister of meiosis chromatids held together
Fig Prophase I of meiosis Nonsister chromatids held together during synapsis Pair of homologs Chiasma Centromere TEM
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Prophase I Nonsister of meiosis chromatids held together
Fig Prophase I of meiosis Nonsister chromatids held together during synapsis Pair of homologs Chiasma Centromere TEM Anaphase I
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Prophase I Nonsister of meiosis chromatids held together
Fig Prophase I of meiosis Nonsister chromatids held together during synapsis Pair of homologs Chiasma Centromere TEM Anaphase I Anaphase II
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Recombinant chromosomes
Fig Prophase I of meiosis Nonsister chromatids held together during synapsis Pair of homologs Chiasma Centromere TEM Anaphase I Anaphase II Daughter cells Recombinant chromosomes
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Prophase I: Each homologous pair undergoes
Fig. 13-UN1 Prophase I: Each homologous pair undergoes synapsis and crossing over between nonsister chromatids. Metaphase I: Chromosomes line up as homolo- gous pairs on the metaphase plate. Anaphase I: Homologs separate from each other; sister chromatids remain joined at the centromere.
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Fig. 13-UN2 F H
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Fig. 13-UN3
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