1. Resistance In Fluid Systems
Unit 4 – Subunit 2 ☺

2. Resistance can also occur between the layers of the fluid itself.
Resistance in a fluid system occurs because of the friction between the surface of the fluid and the surface over which it travels.
Resistance can also occur between the layers of the fluid itself. ☺

3. Fluid resistance in a pipe or duct has two effects:
Decreases flow rate (Qv)
Creates a pressure drop (Δp) ☺

4. Fluid flow in pipes can occur in two ways:
Turbulent
the fluid swirls and mixes within the pipe
Laminar
the fluid moves in layers within the pipe
internally clean pipes with smooth bends enhance laminar flow ☺

5. Laminar Fluid Flow ☺

6. Turbulent Fluid Flow ☺

7. Movement of Fluid
Pressure at the inlet of a pipe pushes the fluid causing it to flow at a certain rate.
Fluid Resistance opposes the flow and causes pressure to drop all along the pipe. ☺

8. Fluid Resistance Fluid Flow Resistance factors: diameter of the pipe
length of the pipe
inside surface finish of the pipe
type of fluid flowing (viscosity)
Viscosity – thickness of the fluid
(which thins with an increase in temperature) ☺

9. Fluid Resistance Additional causes of increased fluid flow resistance:
pipe joints
valves
filters
sharp bends ☺

10. Fluid Resistance Pipes in parallel decrease Fluid Flow Resistance
Pipes in series increase Fluid Flow Resistance ☺

11. Formula Fluid Flow Resistance Rf = Δp / Qv Rf = Fluid Flow Resistance
Δp = Pressure Drop (force)
Qv = Quantity of fluid flowing (flow rate) ☺

12. Units of RF ( Flow Rate Resistance )
Metric System
(SI)
English System
lb / in2
gal / min
N / m2
m3 / sec ☺

13. Homework You should have read the chapter.
Understand “How to Read Fluid Resistance Graph” on page 40
Understand the factors that affect Fluid Resistance on page 42 & 43
Complete all of the Student Exercises on page 45
Understand units “Table 1” on page 48 and complete “Lets Review Units” on the bottom of page 48
Complete “Solving Fluid Resistance”, problems 4 through 7 on page 49 & 50 ☺

14. T H E E N D ☺