1. Engineering Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 6e Chapter 10 Statistics

2. Engineering: Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 6e Eide  Jenison  Northup  Mickelson Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter Objectives Analyze a wide variety of data sets using descriptive techniques (mean, mode, variance, standard deviation, and correlation) Learn to apply the appropriate descriptive statistical techniques in a variety of situations Create graphical representations of individual and grouped data points with graphs and histograms 2

3. Engineering: Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 6e Eide  Jenison  Northup  Mickelson Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Descriptive Statistics Used to summarize or describe important features of a data set Parameters are calculated from available observations Engineers generally contend with samples rather than entire populations of data 3

4. Engineering: Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 6e Eide  Jenison  Northup  Mickelson Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Measures of Central Tendency or Average MEDIAN – “Middle” value in a sample MODE – The most common value in the sample (there may be more than one mode) MEAN – Arithmetic average 4

5. Engineering: Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 6e Eide  Jenison  Northup  Mickelson Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Measures of Variation Represent the amount of disparity (dispersal, scatter) between the data points and the mean Variance Standard Deviation Note: n-1 is the number of degrees of freedom left after calculating n 5

6. Engineering: Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 6e Eide  Jenison  Northup  Mickelson Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Example Problem 10.2 Interstate Safety Corridors are established on certain roadways with a propensity for strong cross winds, blowing dust, and frequent fatal accidents. A driver is expected to turn on the headlights and pay special attention to the posted speed limit in these corridors. In one such Safety Corridor in northern New Mexico, the posted speed limit is 75 miles per hour. The Department of Public Safety set up a radar checkpoint and the actual speed of 36 vehicles that passed the checkpoint is shown in the Table below. Example – Measures of Variation

7. Engineering: Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 6e Eide  Jenison  Northup  Mickelson Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Actual speeds of cars in Safety Corridor 70 78 70808676 85 69 68618180 71 82 69716271 75 76 85726372 65 90 77897670 66 78 91698092 7 Example – cont’d

8. Engineering: Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 6e Eide  Jenison  Northup  Mickelson Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. a.) Make a frequency distribution table using 5 as a class width (e.g. 60.0 – 64.9) b.) Construct a histogram IntervalFrequency 60-64.93 65-69.96 70-74.98 75-79.97 80-84.95 85-89.94 90-94.53 8 Example – cont’d

9. Engineering: Fundamentals and Problem Solving, 6e Eide  Jenison  Northup  Mickelson Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. c) The mean d) The standard deviation e) The variance 9 Example – cont’d