1. Week 2 – Approaches to Organizations Management
MGT ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Dr. K. A. S. P. Kaluarachchi
Senior Lecturer
Department of Management and Organization Studies
Faculty of Management and Finance
University of Colombo

2. Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Know why Management Theory today?
Identify and describe main approaches to Organizations and Management
Identify and describe common factors to organizations
Identify differences in applications
Know about the formal organization
Know about the informal organization
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3. Theory of Management
The study of management theory is important for the following reasons:
View the interrelationships between the development of theory, behavior, and management practice
Understand the principles underlying the process of management
Understand the nature of management and OB
Many of the earlier ideas are of continuing importance to the manager
Management tends to incorporate earlier ideas and conclusions
Management theories are interpretive and evolve in line with changes in the organizational environment
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4. Main Approaches to Organization and Management
Emphasis on Social factors Integration, No one-best purpose, formal at work, groups, socio-technical way, things structure, Mgt. leadership, systems, upon the
hierarchy, informal organization, external situation
technical people behavior environment
requirements,
and common
principles
Classical Approach
Human
Relations Approach
Systems Approach
Contingency Approach
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5. Common Factors to Organizations
All organizations have their own individual character, culture and sense of identity and differ in their attributes, processes and methods of working
However, despite the differences, there are at least three common factors in any organization:
People
Objectives
Structure
Management
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6. Common Factors to Organizations….
It is the interaction of people in order to achieve objectives that forms the basis of an organization. Some form of structure is needed by which people’s interactions and efforts are co-ordinated
Some process of management is required by which the activities of the organization, and the efforts of its members, are directed and controlled towards its objectives
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7. Common Factors to Organizations….
Local Authority
Hospital
School
Interactions and efforts of people;
to achieve objectives; and coordinated through structure; directed and controlled via management
Retailer
University
Prison
Hotel
Shipping Line
Family Center
Government Dept.
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8. Differences in Applications
The structure, management and functioning of the organizations vary because of differences in the nature and type of the organization, their respective goals and objectives, and the behavior of the people who work in them
Common basic activities of organizations and management
Organization X
Organization Y
Considerable differences in goals and objectives, procedures and methods of operations, structure, systems and style of management, and members’ behavior
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9. The Formal Organization
The formal organization is defined as: the planned co-ordination of the activities of a number of people for the achievement of some common, explicit purpose or goal, through division of labor and function, and through a hierarchy of authority and responsibility
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10. The Formal Organization……
An organization is a pattern of roles and a blueprint for their co-ordination
The object of co-ordination is activities, not people
The formal organization can exist independently of the membership of particular individuals
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11. The Formal Organization……
The formal organization is:
deliberately planned and created
concerned with the co-ordination of activities
hierarchically structured with stated objectives
based on certain principles such as the specification of tasks, and defined relationships of authority and responsibility
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12. The Organization as a Coalition
The formal organization can be seen as a coalition of individuals with a number of sub-coalitions
e.g. managers, administrators, workers, elected representatives, appointed officials, volunteers, shareholders, suppliers, trade union officials, leaders of interest groups, customers, clients, patrons, donors, specialists, consultants and representatives
of external agencies
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13. The Informal Organization
Whatever the type or nature of an organization or its formal structure, an informal organization will always be present
The informal organization arises from the interaction of people working in the organization, their psychological and social needs, and the development of groups with their own relationships and norms of behavior, irrespective of those defined within the formal structure
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14. The Informal Organization ……
The informal organization is flexible and loosely structured
Relationships may be left undefined
Membership is spontaneous with varying degrees of involvement
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15. The Informal Organization ……
The informal organization, therefore, has an important influence on the morale, motivation, job satisfaction and performance of staff. It can provide members with greater opportunity to use their initiative and creativity in both personal and organizational development
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16. Questions and Answers ??//
Thank you very much!
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