2. Canadian Institute of Actuaries Vancouver June 2007 Insurance-Driven Vehicle Safety Improvements John Gane

3. Trends in Auto Safety Features Crashworthiness Crashworthiness Whiplash Protection Whiplash Protection Bumpers Bumpers Active Safety Systems Active Safety Systems Effect on Insurance Losses

4. HumanVehicleRoad Drinking & Driving Safety Promotion Legislation Pre-Crash Crash Post-Crash Seat Belt Usage Child Restraint Rehabilitation Outcomes Research Compensation System Equipment Standards Head Restraints Air Bag Performance Child Restraints Vehicle Repair Roadside Barriers Intersection-Related Traffic Control Road Design

5. Crashworthiness

6. MVA Fatality Rate in Canada 1983 – 2002 Source: Transport Canada

9. Side Impacts

11. Crashworthiness Improvements : 5,200 lives/year = 52 lives/year in B.C.

12. Whiplash Injuries 60% of all injuries 60% of all injuries $600,000,000/yr. in B.C. $600,000,000/yr. in B.C. 30,000 injuries 30,000 injuries 60% of all injuries 60% of all injuries $600,000,000/yr. in B.C. $600,000,000/yr. in B.C. 30,000 injuries 30,000 injuries

16. Whiplash injury prevention RCAR geometric rating for head restraints distance above/below top of average-size man’s head (cm) 4 -18 0 -6 -8 -10 2 -2 -4 -12 -14 -16 good poor acceptable marginal 6 10 12 8 42 14 16 18 backset (cm)

18. Head restraint geometric evaluations Passenger cars in model years 1995-2005 80% 60% 40% 20%

19. Improved geometry reduces injury claims rates in rear crashes of cars 100 = average claims rate for all cars each year 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 goodacceptablemarginalpoorgoodacceptablemarginalpoorgoodacceptablemarginalpoor 2,500 lbs. 3,000 lbs. 3,500 lbs. vehicle weight and head restraint evaluation active nonactive

20. U.S. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 202a M.Y. 2008 Vehicles Must Achieve “Good” Geometry Measurements M.Y. 2008 Vehicles Must Achieve “Good” Geometry Measurements ICBC Head Restraint Measurement ICBC Head Restraint Measurement Device is the Compliance Tool Device is the Compliance Tool Published January 2005 Published January 2005

21. ICBC – Canada Insurance Institute for Highway Safety – USA Thatcham Research – UK Allianz Insurance – Germany Insurance Australia Group - Australia

23. ‘03 Grand Am / ’02 Windstar

26. National Coverage – 18 Stories

27. Pickups and SUVs January 2006

28. Results: 44 SUVs – 6 “good” Ford Freestyle Honda Pilot Jeep Grand Cherokee Land Rover LR3 Subaru Forester Volvo XC90 15 Pickups – 0 “good ”

29. poormarginal acceptable good Improvement in rear crash protection ratings for cars U.S.& Canada models, 2004 vs. 2006

30. Bumpers

34. Corner Impacts

35. 5 km/h

36. Active Safety Systems Future Crash Mitigation Technology

37. Electronic Stability Control Collision Mitigation Braking System Lane Departure Warning

38. Vehicle Safety Research