1. [ Part III of The XML seminar ] Presenter: Xiaogeng Zhao A Introduction of XQL

2. I. What is XQL? XML Query Language ( XQL ) It is a notation for addressing and filtering the elements and text of XML documents. XQL is a natural extension to the XSL pattern syntax. It provides a concise, understandable notation for pointing to specific elements and for searching for nodes with particular characteristics.

3. II. XQL Features XQL is a query language designed specifically for XML. In XQL it is possible to combine information from heterogeneous data sources in powerful ways. XQL specification does not indicate the output format.

4. III. The XML Data Model A document is an ordered, labeled tree, with nodes to represent the : document entity elements attributes processing instructions comments

5. The XML Data Model (Cont.) The Tree Structure ( XQL uses the tree structure for navigation ) Hierarchy Sequence Position

6. III. SQL vs. XQL SQL 1) The database is a set of tables. 2) Queries are done in SQL, a query language that uses the structure of tables as a basic model. 3) The FROM clause determines the tables which are examined by the query. 4) The result of a query is a table containing a set of rows; this table may serve as the basis for further queries. XQL 1) The database is a set of one or more XML documents. 2) Queries are done in XQL, a query language that uses the structure of XML documents as a basic model. 3) A query is given a list of input nodes from one or more documents. 4) The result of a query is a list of XML document nodes, which may serve as the basis for further queries.

7. IV. Basics of XQL Context start context Context operators ( /, //, [] )

8. Search Context XML Document

9. Basics of XQL A simple string is interpreted as an element name. XQL query : book Result :Result return all elements from the current search context.

10. Basics of XQL The child operator ("/") indicates hierarchy. XQL query : book/front/author Result :Result returns elements that are children of elements

11. Basics of XQL The root of a document may be indicated by a leading "/" operator. XQL query : /store/book/front/author Result :Result Starting the navigation from the root: returns elements that are children of elements

12. Basics of XQL The content of an element or the value of an attribute may be specified using the equals operator ("="). XQL query : book/front/author= ‘ Danny ’ Result : return all authors with the name ” Danny" that are children of the element

13. Basics of XQL Attribute names begin with "@".They are treated as children of the elements to which they belong. XQL query : book/front/author/address/@type Result :Result Finding values of the “type” attribute in addresses of authors:

14. Basics of XQL The descendant operator ("//") indicates any number of intervening levels. When the descendant operator is found at the start of a path, it means all nodes descended from the document. XQL query : // address Result :Result This query will find any address in the document

15. Basics of XQL The filter operator ("[ ]") filters the set of nodes to its left, based on the conditions inside the brackets. XQL query : book/front/author/address[@type='email'] Result :Result This query returns addresses; each of these addresses must have an attribute called "type" with the value "email"

16. Basics of XQL Multiple conditions may be combined using Boolean operators. XQL query : book/front/author=‘Tom'[@gender='male' and @description =‘good guy'] Result :Result Return the author element with the name of Tom whose gender is male and is a good guy

17. Advance XQL Join Comprehension Methods …

18. Other XML Query Languages XML-QL Lorel YATL XQL is A Query Language for ” Documents ” while XML-QL Lorel and YATL are more ” Database ” oriented

19. END of PART III