1. TYPES OF POETRY

2. SONNET A lyrical poem of 14 lines. Shakespearean sonnets use specific structural limitations (iambic pentameter, 3 quatrains, 1 couplet, and a rhyme scheme of ABAB CDCD EFEF GG). Example: -Shakespearean -Petrarchan

3. SONNET: “SHALL I COMPARE THEE TO A SUMMER’S DAY ? BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

4. FREE VERSE A poem that does not use meter or rhyme to mimic music; a poem that, if read out loud, sounds like natural speech. The lines have no set of fixed metrical pattern and can be either rhymed or unrhymed. Patterns can be based on repetition and parallel structure rather than rhythm.

5. FREE VERSE: “I, TOO” BY LANGSTON HUGHES I, too, sing America. I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong. Tomorrow, I'll be at the table When company comes Nobody'll dare Say to me, "Eat in the kitchen," Then. Besides, They'll see how beautiful I am And be ashamed-- I, too, am America

6. BLANK VERSE Unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter, similar to the English sonnet.

7. BLANK VERSE: “RAIN” BY EDWARD THOMAS Rain, midnight rain, nothing but the wild rain On this bleak hut, and solitude, and me Remembering again that I shall die And neither hear the rain nor give it thanks For washing me cleaner than I have been Since I was born into this solitude. Blessed are the dead that the rain rains upon: But here I pray that none whom once I loved Is dying to-night or lying still awake Solitary, listening to the rain, Either in pain or thus in sympathy Helpless among the living and the dead, Like a cold water among broken reeds, Myriads of broken reeds all still and stiff, Like me who have no love which this wild rain Has not dissolved except the love of death, If love it be towards what is perfect and Cannot, the tempest tells me, disappoint.

8. LYRIC POEM A poem, sonnet, or ode that expresses the thoughts and feelings of the poet.

9. “BECAUSE I COULD NOT STOP FOR DEATH” BY EMILY DICKINSON Because I could not stop for Death – He kindly stopped for me – The Carriage held but just Ourselves – And Immortality. We slowly drove – He knew no haste And I had put away My labor and my leisure too, For His Civility – We passed the School, where Children strove At Recess – in the Ring – We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain – We passed the Setting Sun – Or rather – He passed us – The Dews drew quivering and chill – For only Gossamer, my Gown – My Tippet – only Tulle – We paused before a House that seemed A Swelling of the Ground – The Roof was scarcely visible – The Cornice – in the Ground – Since then – ‘tis Centuries – and yet Feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the Horses’ Heads Were toward Eternity –

10. BALLAD A simple narrative poem of folk origin, composed in short stanzas and adapted for singing. Subjects are often tragic love. Example: -“The Ballad of Jesse James” -“Everytime” by Britney Spears

11. BALLAD: “WE REAL COOL” BY GWENDOLYN BROOKS We real cool. We Left school. We Lurk late. We Strike straight. We Sing sin. We Thin gin. We Jazz June. We Die soon.

12. LIMERICK A funny, five-line poem with an AABBA rhyme scheme. Example: There was an old man with a beard Who said, "it’s just how I feared! Two owls and a hen Four larks and a wren Have all built their nests in my beard.” - Anonymous

13. HAIKU A poetic form of a type of poetry from the Japanese culture. Haiku combines form, content, and language in a meaningful, yet compact form. The most common form for Haiku is 3 short lines. Five (5) syllables Seven (7) syllables Five (5) syllables Friends are folks who know You so well they see your faults But, moreso, see you.

14. ELEGY A formal lament for the death of a particular person. lament - a passionate expression of grief or sorrow. Example: - “O Captain! My Captain!” – Walt Whitman

15. ELEGY – “O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN!” BY WALT WHITMAN O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done, The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won, The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring; But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle trills, For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths—for you the shores a-crowding, For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning; Here Captain! dear father! This arm beneath your head! It is some dream that on the deck, You’ve fallen cold and dead. My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still, My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will, The ship is anchor’d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done, From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won; Exult O shores, and ring O bells! But I with mournful tread, Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead.

16. ODE A long lyric poem that praises a person or object, addressed to that person or object; sometimes with a serious subject written in an elevated style. Odes often represent the poet’s serious passion about something important to him or her. Example: -“Hymn to Duty” – Wordsworth -“Ode to a Grecian Urn” – Keats -“Ode to Stephen Dowling Bots” – Twain -http://allpoetry.com/poem/1049959-Ode-to-Shopping-by-Victoria-Lynnhttp://allpoetry.com/poem/1049959-Ode-to-Shopping-by-Victoria-Lynn

17. ODE: “ODE TO A SKYLARK” BY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY Hail to thee, blithe Spirit! Bird thou never wert - That from Heaven or near it Pourest thy full heart In profuse strains of unpremeditated art. Higher still and higher From the earth thou springest, Like a cloud of fire; The blue deep thou wingest, And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest. In the golden lightning Of the sunken sun, O'er which clouds are bright'ning, Thou dost float and run, Like an unbodied joy whose race is just begun.

18. EPIC POEM A large-scale poem (in both length and topic), and tends to use an elevated style of language and supernatural beings take part in the action. Example: -The Odyssey -Aeneid -Paradise Lost

19. THE ODYSSEY Sing in me, Muse, and through me tell the story of that man skilled in all ways of contending, the wanderer, harried for years on end, after he plundered the stronghold on the proud height of Troy. He saw the townlands and learned the minds of many distant men, and weathered many bitter nights and days in his deep heart at sea, while he fought only to save his life, to bring his shipmates home. But not by will nor valor could he save them, for their own recklessness destroyed them all — children and fools, they killed and feasted on the cattle of Lord Hêlios, the Sun, and he who moves all day through the heaven took from their eyes the dawn of their return....

20. DIDACTIC POETRY Poetry used to teach something, such as how-to instructions, or to impart moral, theoretical, or practical knowledge.

21. “ADVICE TO A GIRL” BY SARA TEASDALE No one worth possessing Can be quite possessed; Lay that on your heart, My young angry dear; This truth, this hard and precious stone, Lay it on your hot cheek, Let it hide your tear. Hold it like a crystal When you are alone And gaze in the depths of the icy stone. Long, look long and you will be blessed: No one worth possessing Can be quite possessed.

22. OTHER TYPES OF POETRY

23. LIGHT VERSE A poem written mainly to entertain or amuse. Example: - Dr. Seuss

24. “YERTLE THE TURTLE” DR. SEUSS I’m Yertle the Turtle! Oh, marvelous me! For I am the ruler of all that I see! Your Majesty. Please… I don’t like to complain. But down here below, we are feeling great pain.

25. DOGGEREL Unsophisticated, basic poetry, often created on a whim or without great consideration. Example: -What we did Monday with our class sonnet (sort of) -Often forced rhymes, or “bad” poetry

26. Life is a treacherous abyss, It will leave you so amiss, Like a bird trying to find its lover, Or looking for a bit of cover From the storm, we keep trying To figure out our calling And yet we're left Cold and bereft.

27. FLYTING A type of poetry that has a rhyme scheme and meter that heaps abuse on a person. (think “rap battle”)

28. SHAPED VERSE Poetry in the shape of the topic about which the poem was written.

29. CONCRETE POEM A poem in which shape relates to/mirrors the subject or purpose. Concrete poems use word placement to convey as much meaning and emotion as the words themselves.

30. CONCRETE POEM: “THE MOUSE’S TALE” BY LEWIS CARROLL

31. NONSENSE POEM Pretty much any Lewis Carroll poem, for example… THE JABBERWOCKY

32. “THE JABBERWOCKY” ’Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe: All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. “Beware the Jabberwock, my son! The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun The frumious Bandersnatch!” He took his vorpal sword in hand; Long time the manxome foe he sought— So rested he by the Tumtum tree And stood awhile in thought. And, as in uffish thought he stood, The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame, Came whiffling through the tulgey wood, And burbled as it came! One, two! One, two! And through and through The vorpal blade went snicker-snack! He left it dead, and with its head He went galumphing back. “And hast thou slain the Jabberwock? Come to my arms, my beamish boy! O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!” He chortled in his joy. ’Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe: All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe.