1. ITU Regional Standardization Forum For Africa Dakar, Senegal, 24-25 March 2015 EWASTE MANAGEMENT IN KENYA DERICK SIMIYU KHAMALI, MANAGER TELECOM COMPLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF KENYA khamali@ca.go.ke

2. Categories and Background of Ewaste / WEEE

3. Definition of Ewaste Ewaste or WEEE is anything that uses electricity or electrical power to perform its function but is no longer working or needed.

4. Categories of Ewaste  Home appliances like Refrigerators and irons.  Information and Communications Equipment e.g. PCs  Power and Electricity distributing Equipment e.g. Cables  Entertainment and Consumer Equipment e.g. TVs  Electric and Electronic Tools e.g. Drills  Health and Security Equipment e.g scanners.  Lighting and alarm Equipment e.g Lamps.

5. Categories of Ewaste Electrical and Electronic Equipment contain more than 1000 different substances. This are classified under: 1.Ferrous and Non-Ferrous material. 2.Plastics 6. Concrete and Ceramics 3.Glass 7. Rubber e.t.c. 4.Wood and plywood 5.Printed circuit board

6. Categories of Ewaste Electrical and Electronic Equipment can be classified as Hazardous and Non Hazardous. The fact that most EEE contain elements like lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, selenium, and hexavalent chromium and flame retardants beyond threshold quantities in e- waste classifies them as hazardous waste.

7. Composition of Ewaste The Average Composition for the Electrical and Electronic Equipment is as follows; 1.Iron and Steel – 50% 2.Plastics – 21% 3.Non Ferrous – 13% 4.Others – 16% Fortunately they are Identifiable and Removable

8. Local statistics on Ewaste According to UNEP, in 2010 Kenya generated 11,400 tons of e-waste from refrigerators, 2,800 tons from TVs, 2,500 tons from personal computers, 500 tons from printers and 150 tons from mobile phones. The amount is expected to increase

9. Local statistics on Ewaste The amount is expected to increase as more older equipment is replaced & demand emerges for modern ones The e-government policy in Kenya has led to frequent decommissioning & importation of EEE especially ICT

10. Ewaste Dynamics NEW PRODUCTS Influenced by: Innovation and research Demand for more sensitive material. Mining and the Environmental needs Government policy needs and compliance EWASTE LEVEL Influenced by: a. Large volumes b. More fresh but waste products. c. Efficient recycling

11. Ewaste Dynamics Demand for new products Decommissi oned equipmemt Caused by; 1. Policy demands 2. Technology change 3. Economic status

12. Ewaste Can be Useful or “Harmful” USEFUL EWASTE Includes the following: Recyclable – safe to handle. Stable components. Intact at source. Non Explosive. Transferable HARMFUL EWASTE Includes the following: a. Chemical composition altered. b. Dangerous from source.(explosive) c. un-separated. (in dumb site as a whole)

13. Standards and Regulation International level (UN) National Level (Gov’t)

14. EWaste in the ICT Sector Towers, Boosters, Microwaves and Antennae Terrestrial backhaul Equipment and transmission links. Satellite based terminals and transmission links. Customer Premise Equipment / Access Infrastructure Cabling and fixed Installations. Alarms and security

15. EWaste Mitigation Plan Who are the players; Manufacturers Buy back the recycled matter Reduce mining Consumers Make use of EEE and Dispose off well Recyclers Collect ewaste Recycle and sell off.

16. Players in Handling Ewaste ManufacturerConsumerRecycler

17. Challenges on EWaste No Separation at source from other waste. Ends in the same dumb site Lack of willingness and low awareness level. A lot of Ewaste retained in homes. The unexploited Potential in the EWaste. WEALTH IN WASTE

18. Way forward on EWaste Country Position. Adopt Legislation Enforcement Develop and Implement Policy Separation at Source Make a business case Safety and Protection Sensitization

19. PRACTICAL ACTIONS Passed Legislation on Ewaste management. Waste separation at source by the city county. Classified Communication infrastructure as PKI Due diligence on Importers and Vendors Takeback scheme by distributors & manufacturer Environmental Compliance in licensing/reporting WEEE Collection and Recycling businesses.

20. Practical Examples The East Africa Compliant Recycler. Deals in all types of WEEE from the EA region. The WEEE Centre; Collection, refurbishment, supply and Recycling of EWaste less CRT. The Communications Museum for tracing type Safaricom takeback and waste collection scheme. Academia Curriculum and sensitization. Ewaste as a Business. 200k from 200 phones.

21. Consequences of Ignoring Ewaste Management Environmental degradation Health Hazards Diseases and Deformation. Mining Conflicts War and Death.

22. Benefits of Ewaste management Clean Environment Economic gain Job creation Reduced mining and conflict. Sustained Supply of Electrical and Electronic Equipment

23. Conclusion on the need for Ewaste Management Ewaste / WEEE Management needs teamwork for its success.

24. Communications Authority of Kenya. Waiyaki Way, Westlands Nairobi. P,O Box 14448 Nairobi 00800 Tel: 0204242000/418 Email: khamali@ca.go.ke @ca.go.ke Website: www.ca.go.ke www.ca.go.ke

25. THANK YOU