1. 1 A space oriented approach to designing truly pervasive systems Vassilis Kostakos and Eamonn O’Neill University of Bath, UK

2. 2 Overview Better understanding of how to design pervasive computing systems A framework for analysing, designing and evaluating pervasive systems Design tools and design principles for pervasive systems

3. 3 Truly pervasive systems Current “pervasive” systems are not Truly pervasive systems should pervade the –physical –psychological –social environments A truly pervasive system supports public access, use and participation

4. 4 A framework for pervasive HCI Established HCI design foci –user –task –domain Design foci for truly pervasive systems –citizen –sphere –space

5. 5 Citizen (user) A truly pervasive system has implications for public accessibility –see also work on universal access [Stephanidis 01] and universal usability [Shneiderman 02] We can say little about the particular user of a large- scale, publicly available system but we can say some things about citizens –rights –responsibilities –membership A wide-scale provider of information as a public service: e-democracy etc

6. 6 Sphere (task) Public sphere –a conceptual area of public debate in which issues of general concern can be discussed and opinions formed [Habermas 62] –the space in which citizens deliberate about their common affairs and a site where social meanings are generated, circulated, contested and reconstructed [Fraser 95] Private sphere –private issues, information and services; access denied to others Social sphere –issues, information and services; access restricted by rules, conventions, costs etc

7. 7 Space (domain) Architectural space –Physical space –Place: values, norms, histories Interaction space –volume defined by a device/artefact within which an activity is successfully supported by the device/artefact Public, social and private spaces

8. 8 Visual interaction spaces

9. 9 Auditory interaction spaces

10. 10 Space Interaction Space SphereCitizen Private One Social Public Social Public Social PublicMany Public Interaction Space Private Interaction Space Public Space Private Space Social Space One Citizen Many Citizens Social Interaction Space Private Sphere Public Sphere Social Sphere

11. 11 Designing with the framework In designing systems for the delivery of information and services, we have a range of artefacts available; e.g. wall displays, PDAs etc We use these artefacts to define appropriate interaction spaces To know what kind of interaction space to create, we need to take into account (i) the information sphere and (ii) the architectural space in which the citizen is located

12. 12 The design tool

13. 13 Using the design tool

14. 14 Conclusion Truly pervasive systems require more than very wide area coverage User, task, domain is not adequate to understand and design pervasive systems Citizen, sphere, space: a framework and design tool