1. Millennium Development Goals Uruguay vs. Tobago Created by: Talon Sweeten & Mandy Nelson

2. What are the Millennium Development Goals? They are the world's time-bound and quantified targets for addressing extreme poverty in its many dimensions. These dimensions are income poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate shelter, and exclusion-while promoting gender equality, education, and environmental sustainability.

3. Goal #1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger Between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day, and who suffer from hunger should be cut in half.

4. Goal #1 Uruguay Poverty GNI per capita 2012, US$: $13,510 GDP per capita average annual growth rate 1990-2012: 2.3% The people in Uruguay would be making about $37 per day. Uruguay has accomplished the goal of having more than half their people earning more than $1 per day. Hunger Use of improved drinking water sources: 99.8 Kilocalories per person per day: 140 Tobago Poverty GNI per capita 2012, US$: $14,400 GDP per capita average annual growth rate 1990-2012: 4.7% The people in Tobago would be making about $39 per day. Tobago has accomplished the goal of having more than half their people earning more than $1 per day. Hunger Use of improved drinking water sources: 93.9 Kilocalories per person per day:220 Comparison Looking at the statistics from both countries, we observed that although Uruguay’s HDI Score was 50 to Tobago’s 59, Tobago is better off when it comes to the issues of poverty and hunger.

5. Goal #2: Achieve Universal Primary Education This goal ensures that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.

6. Goal #2 Uruguay Enrollment ratios: Females as a % of males, Primary: 96.7% Gross enrollment ratio % for males: 113.9% Gross enrollment ratio % for females: 110.2% Tobago Enrollment ratios: Females as a % of males, Primary: 96.6% Gross enrollment ratio % for males: 106.5% Gross enrollment ratio % for females:102.9% Comparison: We thought that it was interesting that the enrollment ratio for Uruguay which is at for males is 113.9 and for females is 110.2 even though higher than Tobago’s ratio of 106.5 for males and 102.9 for females is just about the same percentage ratio of females to males. Both countries are doing well in accomplishing the second millennium development goal.

7. Goal #3: Promote Gender Equality & Empower Women Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015.

8. Goal #3 Uruguay Enrolment ratios for secondary education: females as a % of males 2008-2012: 113.7% An example of women being empowered in Uruguay is the women being able to build a center to discuss participative budgets this is a method by which the members of a neighborhood decide how best to spend specific resources allocated to their district. Tobago Enrolment ratios for secondary education: females as a % of males 2008-2012: 106.9% According to the UNDP the enrollment rates of women are substantially higher than males. The concern however is about the proportion of national assembly seats held by women will not be met before 2015. Comparison Although both countries are working on promoting gender equality and empowering women, it is show in the ratios that Uruguay is ahead of Tobago in empowering women through secondary education.

9. Goal #4: Reduce Child Mortality Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate.

10. Goal #4 Uruguay Under 5 mortality rate in the years of… 1990: 23 2000: 16 2012: 7 Annual Rate of Reduction: 5.3% Tobago Under 5 mortality rate in the years of… 1990: 33 2000: 28 2012: 21 Annual Rate of Reduction: 2.1% Comparison The mortality rate for children under five in Uruguay is significantly better than in Tobago. Both countries are progressing on their goal of reducing child mortality. We believe that by the looks of the statistics that Uruguay will meet the goal. It is looking really close for Tobago to meet the goal.

11. Goal #5: Improve Maternal Health Reduce the maternal mortality by three- quarters, between 1990 and 2015.

12. Goal #5 Uruguay Maternal Mortality Ratio adjusted: 29 Uruguay is on the point of reaching the goal of reducing the maternal mortality ratio, but it is still behind in other aspects of maternal health, like providing integrated sexual and reproductive health care, fighting syphilis and checking on mothers and babies during the postpartum period. Tobago Maternal Mortality Ratio adjusted: 46 Tobago’s Target is to reduce maternal mortality rates to 14 per 100,000 by 2015. Currently they are at 46 per 100,000 live births. Comparison: Comparing the maternal mortality ratio Uruguay is leading in live births with an actual 29 per 100,000 death rate to Tobago’s 46. Both have decreased the number of deaths consistently over the past few years. Both countries definitely have the potential of reaching millennium development goal #5.

13. Goal #6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases.

14. Goal #6 Uruguay People of all ages living with HIV Low: 9.8 High: 19 Tobago People of all ages living with HIV Low: 13 High: 15 Comparison: The low for the people of Uruguay living with HIV is lower than Tobago, and the high is higher. We thought that this was kind of odd, because if one number is lower usually the other number is lower but in this situation it is not. We were not able to find statistics on malaria or other diseases, so we concluded that these two countries are really pretty healthy. Even though there is still HIV in the countries.

15. Goal #7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources. By 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation should be cut in half. Have achieved by 2020 a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

16. Goal #7 Uruguay Use of improved sanitation facilities. 98.9 Use of improved drinking water sources (%) 2011, total: 99.8% Tobago Use of improved sanitation facilities. 92.1 Use of improved drinking water sources (%) 2011, total: 93.9% Comparison: Uruguay is leading in both sanitation and improved drinking water. Due to these statistics it shows that Uruguay should have a healthier more sanitary population than Tobago. Really both of the countries have a high percentage of improved sanitation and drinking water. We believe that both countries will reach this goal by the year 2015.

17. Goal #8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, nondiscriminatory trading and financial system. This would include a commitment to good governance, development, and poverty reduction. Both nationally and internationally. Address the special needs of the Least Developed Countries along with the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing states. Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term.

18. Goal #8 Uruguay Uruguay’s dual role of a country that gives and receives international cooperation, promoted a policy of South- South cooperation. This denotes a shift from traditional cooperation with one that is based on the principle of "partnership" to achieve common goals. Tobago In the Networked readiness index Tobago ranked 63 out of 138 with a score of 3.8 in 2010-2011 They say that the effort to establish global partnerships is in everything that they do. With these partnerships they know that they will continue to develop with greater impact because of the help from these partnerships. Comparison: Both Uruguay and Tobago are in partnerships with other countries. They both are coming out and expanding their horizon's by interacting with other countries. They are doing good on working toward achieving goal #8.