1. The Russian Revolution
1917

2. Key People and Terms Czar Nicholas II- absolute ruler of Russia
Pogrom- Violent attack on Jewish community
Duma- Russian legislature
Bolshevik- member of 1917 Russian Communist revolutionary group
Soviet- council of workers and soldiers set up by Russian Revolutionaries

3. Rasputin- “Mad Monk”; manipulated royal family of Russia
Lenin- leader of Bolshevik Party; first leader of Communist Russia or Soviet Union
Trotsky- High- ranking member of Communist Party; next in line to Lenin
Stalin- “ Man of Steel”; came to power after Lenin died and Trotsky was murdered

4. Lenin
Czar Nicholas II
Trotsky
Rasputin
Stalin

5. Long-term Causes Czarist Rule (Absolutism) Corrupt Government
Feudalism
Peasant Unrest
Ethnic Tensions and Persecution of Minority Groups Pogroms
Military defeat in Russo-Japanese War (1904)
“Bloody Sunday”

6. Bloody Sunday
Peaceful marchers gathered in St. Petersburg to ask the Czar to reform the government
Fearing an uprising, Czar Nicholas II ordered soldiers to fire on the crowd
Many Russians turned against the Czar

7. Revolution of 1905
After Bloody Sunday, strikes and revolts swept across country. Fearing he would lose his power, Czar Nicholas II gave into the demands of the people.

8. Results of 1905 Revolution
Czar issues “October Manifesto” granting reforms and freedoms
Czar sets up the Duma, a legislature (lawmaking body), but then dissolves it when they disagree with him continues pogroms and issues laws to take power away from the Duma

9. Immediate Causes of Revolution of 1917
Lack of Industrialization
Involvement in WWI
Shortage of weapons and supplies
Embarrassing defeats
Shortages of food, fuel, and housing
Manipulation of Czarina Alexandra by Rasputin Russians don’t trust her (She’s also German) textbook

10. Bolsheviks Promised Peace, Land, and Bread
Promised to rid Russia of ethnic, religious, and class discrimination get rid of religion
Known as the Red Army
Fought the Czar’s supporters known as the White Army
***video

12. In Reality The Bolsheviks
Established a One-Party Totalitarian Dictatorship
Outlawed religion, ended freedom of the press, and set up a secret police

13. Soviet Union
Lenin was the first leader of the Soviet Union. He quickly realized that Pure Communism wasn’t working and he introduced a New Economic Plan which included elements of capitalism. He died shortly thereafter
A power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin resulted in Trotsky’s death and Stalin became the new leader of the Soviet Union

14. Stalin
Russification- Forced all ethnic groups in Soviet Union to speak Russian and give up their own cultural practices
5 Year Plans- Industrialized Russia/ Soviet Union, but at the cost of 60 million lives
Ruled with an iron fist; dissidents were sent to forced labor camps called gulags; secret police called the Checka searched for “traitors to the revolution” and held mock trials
Great Purge- Stalin’s Reign of Terror
Master of propaganda

17. Similarities between French Revolution and Russian Revolution

18. Differences between French Revolution and Russian Revolution

19. Stalin
Both
Robespierre

20. Create a chart comparing Stalin and Robespierre
Both
Robespierre
Dictators
Great Purge- 800,000 died
Reign of Terror
- 40,000
Promoted women’s rights
Fake democracy
Man of Steel
Nicknames
The Incorruptible

21. Communism only worked when the government employed force could not last forever

23. Similarities
Ruled by absolute monarchs who used divine right to justify their rule
Corrupt government
Famine
Bread riots
Unequal land distribution- remains of feudalism
Rigid social class structure
Debt from foreign wars
Queen was a foreigner from the country of the enemy
Revolution was led by radicals
Both radical groups used three word slogan to gain support of commoners

24. Similarities
Both King/ Czar and radicals used secret police and censorship to control the people
Both king and czar called a legislature and then threw them out
Radicals tried to get rid of their enemies with a reign of terror
Religion was outlawed under the leadership of the radicals
Land was seized from the Church
Food was taken from farmers by the radical govt.
Both had actually experienced three revolutions
Both were taken over by dictators who promoted nationalism and imperialism to “save” other countries from corrupt leadership
Both took land and power from the nobility

25. Similarities Both faced attack from foreign powers
Both absolute monarchs were executed by the radicals
Both experienced civil war (conservatives versus nationalist radicals)
Both countries followed expansionist (imperialist) policies after the revolution and civil war
Dictators came to power at the end of revolution compromised their beliefs to stabilize the country

26. French Rev
Russian Rev
Louis XVI
Absolute Monarchs
Czar Nicholas II
Jacobins
Radical groups
Bolsheviks
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
Three-word slogans
“Peace, Land, and Bread”
Robespierre, Napoleon
Dictators
Lenin, Stalin
Marie Antoinette
Foreign queens
Alexandra
Napoleon
Foreigners come to power
Stalin
American Revolution
Foreign wars
WWI
England, Austria, and Spain
Faced attacks from foreign countries
England and France

27. French Rev
Russian Rev
Robespierre terror followed by Napoleon reformer
Post revolution leadership
Lenin reformer followed by Stalin terror