1. IPv6 Overview and Status
Robert M. Hinden
NOKIA

2. TALK OVERVIEW IPng Overview Proposed TLA/NLA Assignment Rules
Current Status
Deployment Timetable

3. IP NEXT GENERATION New Version of the Internet Protocol
Assigned Version 6 (IPv6)
Expands Scope of Routing and Addressing to Meet Internet Growth
Solves Next Set of Pressing Problems
Good Example of Internet Technology Evolution 11

4. CHANGES FROM IPv4 Larger 128-bit Hierarchical Addresses
Supports Much Larger Internet
Allows Embedded IEEE 802 MAC Address for Auto-Configuration
Simplified Header w/ 64bit Alignment
Flow Label for Real Time Support
Flexible Extension Header Mechanism
Security
Route Selection 12

5. NEW FEATURES Plug and Play Auto Configuration
Authentication and Privacy Extensions
Flexible Scaleable Routing Architecture
Multicast Improved and Made Standard
Incremental Deployment 13

6. IPv6 HEADER FORMAT Version Class Flow Label Payload Length Next Header
Hop Limit
Source Address
40 bytes
Destination Address
32 bits

7. IPv4 HEADER FORMAT Vers HdrL TOS Length Identification Flags
Frag. Offset
20 bytes
TTL
Protocol
Header Checksum
Source Address
Destination Address
Options
Padding
32 bits

8. EXTENSION HEADERS IPv6 Header Next Header = TCP TCP Header + Data
Security Header
Security
Fragment Header
Routing Header
Fragment
Routing
Fragment of TCP
Header + Data

9. IPv6 ADDRESSING
128 Bit Addresses can Identify Large Number of End Points: ,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
15% Initially Assigned, 85% Reserved for Future Growth

10. IPv6 ADDRESS TYPES Unicast (one-to-one) Multicast (one-to-many)
Global
Link-Local
Site-Local
Compatible (IPv4, IPX, NSAP)
Multicast (one-to-many)
Anycast (one-to-nearest)

11. ADDRESS FORMATS Aggregatable Unicast Link Local Unicast
Site Local Unicast
Multicast
TLA ID
NLA ID
SLA ID
Interface ID
001 R
Interface ID
Subnet ID
Interface ID
Group ID
Flags
Scope

12. AGGREGATABLE UNICAST ADDRESSES
Unicast Address Format for IPv6
Supports Provider and Exchange Models
Great Improvement in ISP Routing Scaling
Limits Size of Top Level Routing
Exchanges Support Site
Multihoming to Long Haul Providers
Changing Long Haul Providers w/out Renumbering

13. FORMAT Public Topology Site Topology Interface Identifier
FP TLA R NLA* SLA* INTERFACE ID
Public
Topology
Site
Topology
Interface
Identifier

14. FIELDS FP Format Prefix (010) TLA ID Top Level Aggregation ID
RES Reserved for Future Use
NLA ID Next Level Aggregation ID
SLA ID Site Level Aggregation ID
INTERFACE ID Interface Identifier

15. TOP LEVEL AGGREGATION ID
Top Level in Addressing Hierarchy
Assigned to Organizations providing Transit Topology
Not for Leaf Topology
Supports 213 TLA ID’s (8K)
Expansion possible using Reserved field
IANA Assigns Blocks to Registries
Registries assign TLA ID’s to organizations
Registries get more from IANA

16. NEXT LEVEL AGGREGATION ID
Used by TLA ID holders to
Create TLA Hierarchy
Identify Sites
TLA ID holder’s may support NLA’s in their own Site ID space
NLA holder’s may support NLA’s in their…..
Works exactly like CIDR delegation
TLA holder’s assume registry duties for NLA’s

17. NLA ID’S NLA1 SITE ID SLA ID INTERFACE ID
NLA3SITE SLA ID INTERFACE ID

18. INTERFACE ID’S Identify Interfaces on a Link
Required to be Unique on Link
May be Unique over a broader scope
Constructed in IEEE EUI-64 format
Usually from Hardware Token
Ethernet MAC, etc.
May be created from limited scope token
Local Talk, tunnels, etc.
Future work may use Interface ID as an Node Identifier

19. IPv6 ROUTING Longest-Prefix Match Routing
Same as IPv4 CIDR Routing
Extensions to Existing IPv4 Routing Protocols
Unicast: RIPv2, OSPF, ISIS, BGP4, ...
Multicast: PIM, MOSPF, , ...
Support for Policy Routing by use of Routing Header with Anycast Addresses
Provider Selection, Policy Routing, etc.

20. IPv6 SECURITY
All implementations expected to support authentication and encryption headers
Authentication separate from encryption for use in situations where encryption is prohibited or prohibitively expensive
Support for manual key configuration required
Key distribution protocols are under development
Independent of IPv4 / IPv6

21. “PLUG-AND-PLAY” AUTOCONFIGURATION
Hosts automatically learn subnet prefix from router advertisements
Fabricate own address by adding local unique ID (e.g., Ethernet address)
New subnet prefixes can be added, and old ones deleted, to cause automatic renumbering
Automatic address fabrication can be overridden by DHCP service, for more local control
Work underway on dynamic DNS updating and automatic service location (anycast/multicast)

22. REAL TIME Flows Traffic Classes
Sequence of Packets that desire Real- Time service
Flow Label used to identify Flow
Traffic Classes
Interactive (prefer Low Latency over Throughput
Explicit Congestion Notification
Priority

23. IPv6 TRANSITION Philosophy Goals
Make IPv6 Implementations Compatible with IPv4
Make it Easy to Deploy
Get Experience Early in Transition
Goals
Allow Incremental Upgrade of Hosts and Routers to IPv6
Few or No Upgrade Dependencies
Complete Transition before IPv4 Addresses Run Out

24. GENERAL TRANSITION MODEL
Phase Phase 2
time
IPv4 Only IPv4 & IPv IPv6

25. TRANSITION TECHNIQUES
Dual IP Layer
Nodes Support IPv4 and IPv6
IPv4 Compatibility Addresses
IPv4 Address Embedded within IPv6 Address
IPv6 in IPv4 Encapsulation
Tunnel IPv6 Datagrams across IPv4 Infrastructure
Translation

26. CURRENT IPv4 OPERATION IPv4 Data IPv4 Data IPv4 Data IPv4 Router IPv4
Host
IPv4
Host
IPv4
Data
IPv4
Data
IPv4
Data

27. INTEROPERATION WITH IPv4
Router
IPv4
Router
IPv6/IPv4
Host
IPv4
Host
IPv4
Data
IPv4
Data
IPv4
Data

28. TUNNELING OVER IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 Data IPv4 IPv6 Data IPv4 IPv6 Data IPv6
Router
IPv4
Router
IPv6/IPv4
Host
IPv6/IPv4
Host
IPv4
IPv6
Data
IPv4
IPv6
Data
IPv4
IPv6
Data
IPv6
Data
IPv6
Data

29. IPv6 AND TUNNELING IPv4 IPv6 Data IPv4 IPv6 Data IPv4 IPv6 Data IPv6
Router
IPv4
Router
IPv6/IPv4
Host
IPv6/IPv4
Host
IPv4
IPv6
Data
IPv4
IPv6
Data
IPv4
IPv6
Data
IPv6
Data
IPv6
Data
IPv6
Data

30. IPv6 - IPv4 TRANSLATION IPv6 Data IPv6 Data IPv4 Data IPv4 Data
Translator
IPv4
Router
IPv6
Host
IPv4
Host
IPv6
Data
IPv6
Data
IPv4
Data
IPv4
Data

31. IPv6 OPERATION IPv4/IPv6 Router IPv4/IPv6 Router IPv6/IPv4 Host
Data
IPv6
Data
IPv6
Data

32. PROPOSED TLA/NLA ASSIGNMENT RULES

33. MOTIVATION FOR PROPOSED ASSIGMENT RULES
Limit Number of Top Level Prefixes to Manageable Size
Assign Top Level Prefixes only to Transit Providers
Not assigned to Leaf Sites
Assign Top Level Prefixes to Organizations who
Are Capable of providing service
Plan IPv6 service in near term

34. MOTIVATION (CONTINUED)
Assignment policy match current IPv4 Practice
Assignees make registration data available to Registries
Assignments consistent w/ Aggregation Format
Limit Prefix to /48
Sites always get 80 bits (16bit SLA + 64bit I ID)

35. TWO STAGE TLA ALLOCATION
First Stage - Allocate Sub-TLA ID
Create Sub-TLA out of TLA ID = 1
Second Stage - Allocate TLA ID
When assignee demonstrates 90% usage of Sub-TLA
FP TLA Sub NLA* SLA* INTERFACE ID
TLA

36. PROPOSED ASSIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS
Plan to offer native IPv6 service within 9 months of assignment
Verifiable track record of providing Internet transit service or capability of same
No assignments to leaf sites
Registration fee to IANA and/or service/registration fees to Registries

37. PROPOSED ASSIGNMENT REQUIREMENTS (CONTINUED)
Provide Registry services for NLA space it is responsible
Database of assignments publicly available to Registries
Periodically provide Utilization statistics to Registry
Must show 90% utilization prior to additional TLA assignments

38. DOCUMENTS Proposed TLA and NLA Assignment Rules
<draft-ietf-ipngwg-tla-assignment-03.txt>
An Aggregatable Global Unicast Address Format
<draft-ietf-ipngwg-unicast-aggr-04.txt>

39. CURRENT STATUS

40. IPng STANDARDS STATUS IPv6 IETF Standards IETF Completing Work
IPv6 Protocol
Addressing Architecture
ICMP
DNS
Security
Unicast Aggregation Formats
Transition Mechanisms
Neighbor Discovery
Address Auto-configuration
OSI NSAP Mappings
IPv6 over Ethernet
IPv6 over FDDI
IPv6 over PPP
Jumbo Grams
Routing Protocols (RIPng, OSPFv3, ISIS, BGP4++)
Tunneling
MIB’s
IETF Completing Work
Routing Protocols (PIM)
Header Compression
IPv6 over <link>
Router Renumbering
DHCP
Service Location
Mobility Support

41. IPv6 IMPLEMENTATIONS Host Systems Routers Siemens Nixdorf Apple
BSDI
Digital
Epiloque
FTP Software (WIN)
IBM (AIX)
INRIA (NetBSD, FreeBSD)
Linux
Mentat (Streams)
Microsoft
Novell
NRL (4.4-lite BSD)
Pacific Softworks
Process Software (VMS)
SCO
SICS/HP (HP-UX)
Siemens Nixdorf
Sun Microsystems
UNH
WIDE Consortium (NAIST, Hitachi, Sony, NTT)
Routers
3Com
Bay Networks
Cisco Systems
Digital
Hitachi, Ltd.
Merit
Nokia
NTH University
Sumitomo Electric
Telebit AS

42. Testbed for IPv6 Testing and Deployment Uses IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnels
Modeled after MBONE
Uses IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnels
Currently
265 Sites
34 Countries
4 Continents

43. NOKIA

44. TOPOLOGY

45. DEPLOYMENT TIMETABLE

46. DEPLOYMENT TIMETABLE 1997-1998 1998-1999 1999-2000
Product Development Continues
Protocols Refined based on Experience
IPv6 Appears in Users Systems as part of Software Upgrades
Users Tryout IPv6
Organizations start Converting to IPv6
Translate to IPv4 at Organizational Boundaries

47. FOR MORE INFORMATION
IPng Web Pages (General Info, Mailing Lists, etc.)
Books
IPng, Internet Protocol Next Generation
by Scott O. Bradner & Allison Mankin (Addison-Wesley)
IPv6, The New Internet Protocol
by Christian Huitema (Prentice Hall)
IPng and the TCP/IP Protocols
by Stephen Thomas (Wiley)

48. SUMMARY IPng is a New Version of IP
Solves Current Critical Growth Problems
Compatible with IPv4
Improves IP in Many Areas
Builds a Strong Base for the Future Growth