1. Energy and Nanotechnology Part Deux

2. Importance of Energy Storage Solar PVs are great! But what about at night? Power mobile devices / cars Lighter, more efficient –Batteries –Supercapacitors Energy Usage –LEDs –Thermal Insulation –Lightweight Materials

3. Energy Storage Needs Energy (J) Power (W =J/s)

4. Batteries Chemical energy -> electrical energy http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/pr ojects/vss/docs/power/2-how-do- batteries-work.html http://www.hk-phy.org/energy/commercial/cell_is01_e.html

5. Li-Ion Batteries Li + has high energy density Rechargeable Safety concerns

6. Nano LIBs Silicon can replace graphite as electrode Nano-structuring allows for expansion http://www.kurzweilai.net/new-paper-like-material-for-lithium-ion-batteries-could-boost-electric-vehicle-range

7. Liquid Metal Battery Different metal densities separate easily http://phys.org/news/2013-11-ambri-liquid-metal-battery-prototype.html

8. Flow Batteries Separate power and energy Easy to recharge Safe Complicated Consumes energy

9. Nano-Flow Battery Nanoparticles of Li-Battery Material nanoFlowcell – Q-eSportslimousine http://www.technologyreview.com/article/425107/go-with-the-flow/ http://www.anl.gov/sites/anl.gov/files/es_nanoelectrofuels-broch-genl.pdf

10. Supercapacitors

11. Capacitor/Graphene Capacitor Capacitor -> dielectric Supercapcitor -> Helmholtz Double layer

12. Energy Efficiency Lighting Thermal Energy Automotive/Aerospace

13. LED Like a photovoltaic but in reverse More efficient than incandescent bulb Needs to be energy efficient to make

14. LED displays

15. Physics Nobel Prize IR LEDs – GaAs 1960s Visible LEDs – doped GaP 1960s Blue LEDs – GaN 1980s – 1990s – MOVPD – Doping – Activate dopants http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes /physics/laureates/2014/advanced- physicsprize2014.pdf

16. QD LEDs Made possible by efficient blue LED Tune color better than traditional materials More efficient http://www.nanosysinc.com/what-we- do/quantum-dots/

17. Applications Displays – QD Vision – Nanosys Lighting – Pacific Light Technologies

18. Organic LEDs Polymer or small molecule Solution processable Expensive to make http://education.mrsec.wisc.edu/background/LED/

19. Escaping Light http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S41/14/79S63/index.xml?section=top stories Plasmonic cavity with subwavelength hole-array Made using nanoimprint lithography

20. Thermal Energy Thermal management – High thermal conductivity – CarbAl Insulation – Low thermal conductivity – Aerogels

21. Lighter/Stronger Materials Nanostructured bulk materials Polymer nanocomposites Carbon nanotechnology Polymer Journal (2012) 44, 334–339 http://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3103