1. Architectural Beginnings: The Cave and Dwelling

2. I. Paleolithic Dwellings Terra Amata dwellings, Terra Amata, France, c. 400,000 B.C.

3. Lecture OutlineExam

4. Terra Amata huts Who? What? Where? When?400,000 B.C. or B.C.E. Paleolithic Terra Amata, France Dwelling Paleolithic architect (s) the intended audience the incidental audience How ? How did it come to look this way? Why? Why did it look this way in this place and at this time?

5. I. A. Historical context - Independent factual knowledge of historical conditions at this time and place Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania – earliest evidence of man-made habit in 2,000,000 BC Lower Paleolithic (2,500,000-300,000 BC ): transition from scavenging to hunting-gathering nomadic, small groups of ½ dozen families first evidence of craft and stone tools first evidence of control of fire after 400,000 BC possible symbolic vocalizations after 400,000 BC

6. I. B. Formal Analysis: Describe the material, scale, and shape Terra Amata dwelling

7. I. C. Meaning Social and ritual values shaping the arch. of the Paleolithic dwelling 1. Why were the Paleolithic Terra Amata huts about the same size? Terra Amata dwellings

8. I. C. 2. Why did these Paleolithic dwellings have an oval form? Terra Amata dwelling

9. ONLINE STUDY IMAGES http://www.uark.edu/~archmed/ user name: arch2233 password: peristyle Preparing review materials

11. II. Paleolithic sacred space Lascaux Cave, Lascaux, France, c. 10,000 B.C. Hall of the Bulls Axial Gallery

12. Lascaux Cave Who? What? Where? When?10,000 B.C. or B.C.E. Lascaux, France Lascaux Cave Sacred space Paleolithic architect (s) the intended audience the incidental audience How ? How did it come to look this way? Why? Why did it look this way in this place and at this time?

13. II. A. Context Upper Paleolithic (40,000-10,000 BC ): last glaciers of the ice age melt big game hunters and gatherers nomadic groups of ½ dozen families, leadership informal material possessions evenly distributed earliest identifiable religious and burial sites proficiency in visual arts

14. II. B. Formal analysis of structural environmental qualities Lascaux Cave 1. Describe the entrance and ground plan as you would experience them Hall of the Bulls

15. II. B. 2. Describe the interior surfaces as you would experience it Lascaux Cave Hall of the Bulls Axial Gallery far endAxial Gallery

16. II. B. 3. Describe the subjects of the painting and your experience of them Lascaux Cave Hall of the BullsAxial GalleryThe Shaft

17. II. C. Why was this a suitable form – ideal sacred space – for this place and time (i.e., the Paleolithic era)? Lascaux Cave Hall of the Bulls The Nave

18. Lascaux Cave II. C. 1. It showed respect for nature’s difficulties. What is the physical evidence for this? Hall of the BullsEntry

19. Lascaux Cave II. C. 2. It embodied perpetual change and perpetual interflow of time (an eternal present): What is the physical evidence for this? Axial Gallery

20. Lascaux Cave II. C. 2. Hall of the Bulls The Nave

21. Lascaux Cave Paleolithic female statuette Venus of Willendorf, 30,000 B.C. II. C. 3. It acknowledged impenetrable mysteries of life. What is the physical evidence for this?II. D. What is Kostof’s ritual-based explanation for the selection of a cave as a sacred space? Hall of the Bulls Axial Gallery

22. Paleolithic sacred space a. eternal present b. respect for nature c. concern with mysteries of life d. reasons why these were Paleolithic concerns Organizing for course material for review