1. 1 Victims of Crime Survey VOCS 2012

2. 2 Structure of the program  Strategic direction with crime statistics  General Overview  Detailed findings of VOCS 2012 (reference period 2011)

3. 3 What does crime statistics offer policy makers? Identify trends Understand linkages Measure the magnitude To avoid biased analysis To fight crime Who are the victim and the perpetrators? What mechanisms are used in crime? Where is crime? How crime evolves (the causes) To prevent crime Source:Angela Me, UNODC, Vienna

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5. 5 CRIME Statistics task team. Where are we? Pilot diagnostics assessment to understand the Statistical Value Chain in the compilation of crime statistics in October 2012. International bench-marking exercise undertaken to UK and US Crime definitions manual approved by the then acting national commissioner Draft crime counting rules document to be finalized A report on the recommendations on improvements on the crime stats value chain finalized Crime Stats data quality policy presented to the Acting National Commissioner and the Deputy Minister Draft standards on Counting rule error rate Crime Classification error rate Non-registration of crime Formed a task team for the development of Crime Capturing system Draft business case for the system developed.

6. 6 Comparing data from Administrative and surveys Is the iceberg changing in size or is the sea level changing? Reported crime is immediate and investigated, but.... does not include unreported crimes. Provides a lot of details about specific incidents of victimisation from the victims perspective and identify extent of unreported crime, but.... is influenced by memory loss, circumstances of interview, fear of further victimisation, cultural practices, sampling limitations and errors etc. Neither sufficient on its own and complimentarily needs to be capitalised on.... Source: Angela Me, UNODC, Vienna

7. 7 Victims of Crime Survey 2012 Key Findings

8. 8 Incidence and reporting rates of crime for 2011

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10. 10

11. 11

12. 12 Public perceptions about crime

13. 13 The most common and most feared crimes

14. 14 Percentage of households who feel safe when walking alone

15. 15 Percentage of households prevented from engaging in daily activities when alone because of fear of crime

16. 16 Perceptions about the reasons why perpetrators of property crimes commit property crimes

17. 17 Public perceptions about the police

18. 18 Seeing the police in uniform and on duty.....

19. 19 Percentage satisfied with the performance of the police (2010 compared with 2011)

20. 20 Reasons why the satisfied are satisfied

21. 21 Reasons why the dissatisfied are dissatisfied

22. 22 Percentage satisfied with the performance of the courts

23. 23 Reasons why the satisfied are satisfied with the courts

24. 24 Reasons why the dissatisfied are dissatisfied with the courts

25. 25 Members of the press who need to leave can leave now.

26. 26 Layout 1.Introduction 2. Objectives 3. Methodology 4. Limitations 5. Definitions 6. Results:  Public perceptions about crime and safety  Feeling of safety  Views about crime  Public’s response to crime  Perceptions about victim support services  Public’s perception about police  Perceptions about courts  Victimisation rates in 2011  Vehicle related crimes and corruption  Burglary and other theft

27. 27 The Victims of Crime Survey (VOCS) is a countrywide household-based survey that examines crime from the point of view of the victim(s). The Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) has been conducting studies on crime for the past 20 years, but these do not focus specifically on victims. The first Victims of Crime survey (VOCS) was conducted by Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) in 1998. The Institute for Security Studies (ISS) conducted the 2003 and 2007 versions of the VOCS. Stats SA continued to run the survey from 2010 onwards. Objectives of VOCS are: Provide information about the dynamics of crime from the perspective of households and the victims of crime. Explore public perceptions of the activities of the police, prosecutors, courts and correctional services in the prevention of crime and victimisation. Provide complimentary data on the level of crime within South Africa (SA) in addition to the statistics published annually by the South African Police Service (SAPS). Introduction

28. 28 Methodology Target population: The survey is conducted annually in all nine provinces and the data will be used for the development of policies and strategies, as well as crime prevention and public education programmes. A representative national sample of approximately 30 000 Dwelling Units (DUs) has been drawn from the 3 080 Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) that form the current master sample. The master sample is based on the 2001 Population Census Enumeration Areas (EAs). Approximately 1-15 dwelling units have been randomly sampled from each PSU and all the households residing within these sampled dwelling units will be enumerated The questionnaire was categorised into household and individual crimes Survey period: January to March 2012 The reference period is January to December 2011 unless otherwise stated

29. 29 Limitations Victimisation surveys are likely to produce higher crime estimates than police-recorded administrative data Records may also be subject to undercounting particularly for incidents of a sensitive nature (e.g. Sexual offences) The accuracy of statistics is influenced by the ability of people to recall past victimisations

30. 30 Definitions Household crimes: crimes committed against the household Property crime/non-violent: crime where a persons property was threatened but not the person Violent crime: crimes where a person was threatened, injured or killed Individual crimes: affect a single person rather than an entire household

31. 31 VOCS 2012 RESULTS

32. 32 PERCEPTIONS ABOUT CRIME AND SAFETY IN THE AREA OF RESIDENCE

33. 33 Top six crimes perceived by households to be the most common and feared in South Africa, 2011 Most common crimesCrime feared most Housebreaking/burglary59,357,4 Home robbery46,249,8 Street robbery41,439,6 Pick-pocketing or bag-snatching32,131,2 Assault (incl. domestic violence)23,323,6 Murder17,038,8  About 60% of households perceived housebreaking as the most common crime  Followed by home robbery (46,2%), street robbery (41,4%) and pick-pocketing (32,1%)

34. 34 Perceptions of changes in violent crime levels during the period 2009 to 2011 in the households' place of residence (per cent), 2011  33,1% of households believed that violent crimes in their area had increased during the three years (2009 to 2011)  38,1% of households believed that the level of violent crime decreased  Households from Gauteng (49,1%) and Mpumalanga (48,3%) think that crime levels decreased during the three years preceding the survey

35. 35 FEELING OF SAFETY

36. 36 Percentage of households who feel safe walking alone in their area during the day/ at night.  Decreased in number of households who feel safe walking alone in their area during the day (85,7%) in 2011 as compared to (88,2%) in 2010  Slightly decrease in number of households who feel safe walking alone in their area at night (36,6%) in 2011 as compared to (37,0%) in 2010.

37. 37 Percentage of households who feel safe walking alone in their area during the day by province and gender of the head of the household, 2011  53,7% of male headed households more than 31,9% female headed households reported feeling safe when walking alone during the day  Limpopo had the highest proportion of female headed households that indicated feeling safe while alone in their area during the day (41%), followed by Eastern Cape (39,8%) and KwaZulu- Natal (38,5%)

38. 38 Percentage of households who feel safe walking alone in their area when it is dark by province and gender of the head of the household, 2011  23,4% of male headed households felt safe walking alone in their area when it is dark as compared to 13,1% of female headed households  Northern Cape had the highest percentage (32,2%) of male headed households that felt safe walking alone at night, followed by the Western Cape with 28,5% and KwaZulu-Natal (26,9%)

39. 39 Percentage categories of households who felt very unsafe walking alone when it is dark by province, 2011

40. 40 VIEWS ABOUT CRIME

41. 41 Views on where those most likely to commit property and violent crime live (per cent), 2011  About six in ten of households believed that property and violent crimes were likely to be committed by people from their area  About 32% believed crimes were committed by people from other areas  6,3% thought that the perpetrators of crime in their neighbourhoods were people from outside South Africa

42. 42 Views of households on why perpetrators of property crime commit it (per cent), 2011  66,5% of the households believe that people commit property crime to fulfill their drug needs  56% think they need to do so for survival

43. 43 PUBLIC’S RESPONSE TO CRIME

44. 44 Views of households on what government should spend money on in order to reduce crime (per cent), 2011  66,8% of households were of the view that social and/or economic development is the more effective way of reducing crime  Just less than twenty percent of households indicated that more money should be spent on law enforcement in order to combat crime

45. 45 Institutions or groups of people to be contacted first to come to the household’s rescue in the event of being victimised (per cent), 2011  Just below 60% of households would first contact the police if they became victims of crime  16,5% would first contact a friend to come to their rescue

46. 46 PERCEPTIONS ABOUT VICTIM SUPPORT SERVICES

47. 47 Percentage of households who knew where to take someone to access selected services if he/she was a victim of crime by institution & province, 2011  91,5% of the households knew where to take someone to access medical services services if they fell victim to violent crime  53,3% of the households knew where to take someone to access counselling services services if they fell victim to violent crime

48. 48 Percentage of households who knew where to take someone to access medical services by institution & population group of the household head, 2011  77,7% of households would take a victim of crime to access medical services to a hospital or trauma unit  72%) said they would go to a local clinic to access medical services  Compared to other population groups, black African households are the least likely to go to a private doctor and most likely to go to a local clinic.

49. 49 Percentage of households who knew of a place of safety/shelter where they can take someone who was a victim of domestic violence by institution and province, 2011  53,% of households would take victims of domestic violence to a state run institution to get assistance  33% of households would take the victim of domestic violence to an NGO

50. 50 PUBLIC’S PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE POLICE

51. 51 Length of time it takes, on average, to get to the nearest police station using usual mode of transport by province (per cent), 2011  66,4% of households travelled less that 30 minutes, when using their usual mode of transport, to the nearest police station  25,6 % of households travelled between half an hour to one hour to reach the nearest police station using usual mode of transport

52. 52 Percentage of households who see police once a day, in uniform and on duty, in their area of residence, by province, 2011  37,5% of households see a police officer in their area at least once a day  Northern Cape (60,7%) had the highest rate of seeing police officer at least once a day, followed by the Western Cape (57,8%)

53. 53 Percentage of households who were satisfied with the police in their area by province, 2010-2011  64,6% of households were satisfied with the way the police dealt with the crime in their area  In the Western Cape (66,1%), Eastern Cape (65,6%) and Gauteng (65,3%) of households were satisfied with the way the police dealt with crime in their area

54. 54 Reasons for being satisfied with the way the police dealt with crime by province (per cent), 2011  76,2% of households believed that the police were committed  76,8% believed that the police came to the scene of the crime  68,7% believe they arrest criminals  65,7% of households were of the opinion that they are trustworthy

55. 55 PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE COURTS

56. 56 Percentage of households that were satisfied with the way courts generally deal with perpetrators of crime by province, 2010-2011  Nationally, 64,1% of the households indicated that they are satisfied with the way the courts do their work  Northern Cape displayed the highest level of satisfaction (75,7%) in 2011

57. 57 Reasons for households being satisfied with the way courts generally deal with perpetrators of crime by province (per cent), 2011  Passing sentence appropriate to the crime (53%) was cited as the most significant reason of being satisfied with the courts  Followed by high rates of convictions(27,6%)

58. 58 Percentage distribution of reasons for being dissatisfied with the way in which courts generally deal with perpetrators of crime by province, 2011  35,2% of households think the courts are too lenient on criminals  25% believe the matter drags too long

59. 59 VICTIMISATION AND REPORTING RATES IN 2011

60. 60 Experiences of crime and reporting rates, 2011 of  5,4 % of households had been the victims of housebreaking in 2011, compared to 4,5% in 2010  1,3% of households had been victims of livestock theft  2,5% individuals were victims of the theft of personal property Types of crimes Total crime [1] [1] experienced in 2011 Crime experienced at least once in 2011 Crime reported to the police in 2011 Crime under- reporting rates in 2011 Number (in thousand) Number (in thousand)Per cent Number (in thousand)Per centPer cent difference Household crimes Car theft66630,55792,29,5 Housebreaking/burglary *8747305,442658,541,6 Home robbery *2292001,511861,441,0 Theft of livestock2421781,37140,160,1 Theft of crops108400,3718,382,5 Murder36160,11598,26,3 Theft from car1831621,28956,545,1 Deliberate damaging of dwellings50470,42862,640,4 Motor vehicle vandalism56 0,42340,858,9 Individual crimes Theft of personal property9418582,529134,466,1 Car hijacking36350,12779,822,9 Robbery (excl home/carjacking)2722490,78133,167,5 Assault7314511,322249,450,8 Sexual offence *32 0,12994,29,4 Consumer fraud 102 0,310026,32,0

61. 61 Percentage of incidents of crime reported by the households to the police, 2010-2011  Murder was most likely to be reported (98,2%) in 2011, followed by car theft (92,2%) and deliberate damage of dwelling (62,6).  Crimes least likely to be reported in 2011 were motor vehicle vandalism (40,8%), theft of livestock (40,1%), and theft of crops (18,3%).  There was 6,1% point decrease of car theft reported to the police in 2011 as compared to 2010, and 1,5% point decrease on housebreaking/burglary

62. 62 OTHER CRIMES INCLUDING THE CORRUPTION

63. 63 Percentage distribution of time of the day when theft occurred, 2011  Most cars are stolen during morning hours (26,6%)  Theft from a car mostly happened at night (24,9%), and  Housebreakings primarily occurred at night(27,5%)

64. 64 Period of the week when theft or damage to property occurred in 2011 More than two thirds of vehicles were vandalised during the week, 64,4% of thefts from car happened during the week More than 60% of cars are stolen during the week and only 40,5% are stolen over the weekend

65. 65 Percentage of respondents who were asked by a government or public official to pay a bribe (money, a favour or present), 2011 More than 4% of households were asked for money by government officials for a service that he/she is legally required to perform

66. 66 Government sectors in which corruption was experienced (per cent),2011  Corruption that is related to policing increased by 1.5%  While corruption related to social grants increased by 0,9%  Bribes related to traffic fines decreased 2,8% between 2010 and 2011 Sector Year 2003200720102011 % change 2011/2003 % change 2011/2007 % change 2011/2010 Traffic fines27,732,852,850,022,317,2-2,8 Policing19,918,621,422,93,04,31,5 Driver's licence9,113,915,913,24,1-0,7-2,7 Employment or job20,113,913,811,7-8,4-2,2-2,1 Identity document or passport13,916,513,39,7-4,2-6,8-3,6 Water or electricity8,15,87,37,7-0,41,90,4 Pension or social welfare grant11,19,46,67,5-3,6-1,90,9 Housing1,72,68,375,34,4-1,3 Court-related services4,42,83,93,8-0,61,0-0,1 Medical care0,32,12,82,11,80,0-0,7 Customs0,72,82,21,81,1-1,0-0,4 Schooling2,63,23,11,6-1,0-1,6-1,5 When visiting a prison05,11,51,4 -3,7-0,1

67. 67 Place where robbery (excl. home robbery and car hijacking) and theft of personal property took place, 2011 occurred by province (per cent), 2011

68. 68 Social Statistics: 17 th Floor, Manaka Building