1. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 20061 The EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (H-SAF) Bizzarro Bizzarri, on behalf of the H-SAF consortium Contents Background, objectives, partnership The products (precipitation, soil moisture, snow parameters) The Hydrological validation programme The stepwise development approach Some focus on the precipitation processing chain

2. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 20062 SATELLITE APPLICATION FACILITIES (SAF’s): decentralised elements of the EUMETSAT Application Ground Segment MeteosatMetOp-EPSOther satellites (NOAA, TRMM, AQUA,...) EUMETSAT Central Facility Nowcasting SAF Ocean & Ice SAF Climate SAF NWP SAF Ozone SAF Land SAF GRAS Meteo SAF Hydrology SAF U S E R S New !

3. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 20063 BACKGROUND In recent years, the interest of the hydrological community for using satellite data has rapidly increased because of: improved satellite data quality; improved performance of hydrological models including their capability to assimilate observational data. Steps towards the establishment of H-SAF: 2000-2001: consultation among EUMETSAT Member and Cooperating States. 2001-2002: Working Group on a Potential SAF (established objectives). 2003-2004: SAF Hydrology Framework Working Group (defined scientific strategy and long term vision). 2005: Proposal for the H-SAF Development Phase (2005-2010) delivered. Development Phase approved by Council on 3 July 2005. Status as of today: Kick-Off meeting held on 15 September 2005. Preliminary Design Review (PDR) (12-13 December 2006) being prepared. The Operational Phase should follow in 2010-2015.

4. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 20064 Objectives of H-SAF The objectives of H-SAF are: to provide new satellite-derived products: - precipitation (liquid, solid, rate, cumulate) - soil moisture (at surface, in the roots region) - snow parameters (cover, melting conditions, water equivalent); to perform independent validation of the usefulness of the new products for hydrological applications.

5. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 20065 Composition of the H-SAF Consortium

6. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 20066

7. 7 Satellite precipitation products and satellite data sources

8. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 20068 NOAA-18 (LST 14:00) (AMSU-A, MHS) DMSP-16 (LST 8:15) (SSMIS) DMSP-17 (LST 5:30) (SSMIS) NOAA-17 (LST 10:24) (AMSU-A, AMSU-B) MetOp-1 (LST 9:30) (AMSU-A, MHS) Coverage each 3 hours by polar satellites operational in 2006

9. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 20069 DMSP-16 DMSP-17 NOAA-17 NOAA-18 MetOp-1 Meteosat-9 EOS/Aqua NASA REAL-TIME PRE- PROCESSING PRODUCT GENERATION Database of precipitating cloud models Tools for product validation and improvement QUALITY CONTROL EUMETSAT MEMBERS AND COOPERATING STATES Data from lightning networks Meteorological maps VIS/IR/MW images Radar images TRMM Datasets of AMSR-E + AMSU-A + HSB Datasets of TMI + PR + LIS Feedback from National Civil Protection Data from raingauge networks NATO SSM/I SSMIS AMSU-A AMSU-B MHS SEVIRI Functional concept of the processing chain for precipitation products generation

10. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200610 Satellite soil moisture products and satellite data sources

11. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200611 ASCAT coverage in 24 h. The close-to-nadir 700-km gap in between the two 500-km lateral swaths is not shown

12. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200612 Functional concept of the processing chain for soil moisture

13. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200613 SM-OBS-1 – Soil moisture observed by radar scatterometer End-users and H-SAF central archive Quality control Global parameter database Global product Disaggregated product Additional datasets ASCAT Processing Chain ASCAT MetOp European parameter database Surface soil moisture products generation chain

14. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200614 Surface Data Assimilation System SM-OBS-1 Conventional observations Satellite observations Integrated Forecast System SM-ASS-1 - Soil moisture from ECMWF assimilation ZAMG product data base Volumetric soil moisture product generation chain

15. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200615 Satellite snow products and satellite data sources

16. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200616 AVHRR coverage in 6 h by NOAA-17, NOAA-18 and MetOp-1 MODIS coverage in 9 h by EOS-Terra and EOS-Aqua Coverage from AVHRR (in 6 hours) and MODIS (in 9 hours) during the Development Phase

17. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200617 Vegetation, DEM, GIS Tools for product validation and improvement REAL-TIME PRE- PROCESSING PRODUCT GENERATION QUALITY CONTROL EUMETSAT MEMBERS AND COOPERATING STATES Data from in-field snow stations VIS/IR/MW images SEVIRI SSM/I AMSR-E EOS/Aqua EOS/Terra MetOp-1 NOAA-17 NOAA-18 Meteosat-9 DMSP-16 DMSP-17 NATO AVHRR ASCAT MODIS Functional concept of the processing chain for snow products Two similar chains active: in Finland for flat and forested areas in Turkey for mountainous regions.

18. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200618 The hydrological validation programme The hydrological validation programme must provide independent assessment of the impact of the new data on operational hydrology. Activities: requirements analysis; development of methodology and algorithms for products up-scaling, down-scaling, averaging over catchments etc.; use of hydrological/hydrodynamic models for impact studies; determination of the requirements for improvements of product algorithms; validation of final products with use of hydrological models; developments of methodology and algorithms for merging satellite products with other data sources; creation of structure for on-going H-SAF products validation and quality assessment.

19. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200619 Concept of the hydrological validation Cluster and its relation to Clusters 1-3

20. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200620 The hydrological validation programme will make use of test sites

21. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200621 Logic of the H-SAF Development Phase Development work for improved precipitation data quality Routine production of precipitation data for systematic value assessment Development work for improved snow data quality Routine production of snow data for systematic value assessment Development work for improved soil moisture data quality Routine production of soil moisture data for systematic value assessment Development work for improved data assimilation schemes Space-time continuisation for grid data at specified times by assimilation Measured precipitation Computed precipitation Computed soil moisture Computed snow parameters Measured soil moisture Measured snow parameters Assessment programme to evaluate the benefit of satellite-derived precipitation, soil moisture and snow information in European hydrology and water resource management

22. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200622 End-user feedback Augmented databases Advanced algorithms New instruments Initial databases Baseline algorithms Current instruments Cal/val programme Version-1Version-2Final Version Prototyping Operational End-users and Hydrological validation programme Logic of the incremental development scheme

23. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200623 Satellites by direct read-out Local databases Products from other SAF’s Ancillary data locally available NWP products and climatology Satellites via EUMETCast INPUT DATA Soil moisture at surface layer AUSTRIA Soil moisture in roots region ECMWF Snow parameters in flat land, forests FINLAND Snow parameters in mountain areas TURKEY Precipitation products observed and forecast ITALY Coordination ITALY as Host PROCESSING CENTRES Various links Operational hydro services Civil Protection operational units Meteorological services OPERATIONAL END-USERS Dedicated links H-SAF Archive U-MARF Institutes in charge of hydrological validation (led by POLAND) Other R&D Institutes SCIENTIFIC USERS U-MARF Client Sketch system architecture of H-SAF

24. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200624 SSM/I – SSMIS processing chainAMSU – MHS processing chain LEO/MW + GEO/IR processing chain Precipitation products generation chain SSM/I DMSP  F15 Processor SSMIS DMSP  F16 Processor AMSU-A NOAA, MetOp Processor AMSU-B NOAA  17 Processor MHS NOAA  18, MetOp Processor SEVIRI Meteosat  8 Processor PR-OBS-1 – Precipitation rate from LEO/MWPR-OBS-2 – Precipitation rate from blended LEO/MW and GEO/IR Accumulated precipitation processing chain PR-OBS-3 – Accumulated precipitation from LEO/MW and from LEO/MW+GEO/IR End-users and H-SAF central archive Quality control

25. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200625 Flow chart of the SSM/I-SSMIS precipitation rate processing chain Meteorological events Simulated cloud microphysics Simulated MW radiances Cloud-Radiation Database Cloud Resolving Model Radiative Transfer Model Instrument model Actual SSM/I - SSMIS data (pre-processed) Ingestion preparation model Precipitation retrieval model Uncertainty estimator model Error structure database PRECIPITATION RATE ERROR ESTIMATE OFF-LINE ACTIVITYREAL-TIME ACTIVITY

26. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200626 AMSU-A (48 km) AMSU-B or MHS (16 km) AMSU-A (16 km) Extraction of high-spatial frequency content Geometrical manipulations (reduction to vertical viewing) Cloud microphysics provision (database or in-line NWP model) TBD Retrieval algorithm (Bayesian or neural network) TBD PRECIPITATION RATE Flow chart of the AMSU-MHS precipitation rate processing chain

27. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200627 SSM/I-SSMIS AMSU-MHS SEVIRI 15-min images ~ 3-hourly sequence of MW observations Lookup tables updating Rapid-update algorithm Extraction of dynamical info Morphing algorithm PRECIPITATION RATE Flow chart of the LEO/MW-GEO/IR-blending precipitation rate processing chain

28. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200628 Precipitation rate from MW imagery every 3-4 hours (PR-OBS-1) Library of error structure of PR-OBS-1 PR-OBS-1 products archive Precipitation rate from MW+IR imagery every 15 minutes (PR-OBS-2) Library of error structure of PR-OBS-2 PR-OBS-2 products archive On-line meteorological information (surface wind and temperature, …) Accumulated precipitation over 24 h from MW only Accumulated precipitation over 24 h from MW + IR Accumulated precipitation over 12 h from MW + IR Accumulated precipitation over 6 h from MW + IR Accumulated precipitation over 3 h from MW + IR Flow chart of the accumulated precipitation processing chain PR-OBS-3 products generation

29. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200629 SSM/I – SSMIS processing chainAMSU – MHS processing chain Precipitation and derived products by a meso-scale NWP model SSM/I DMSP  F15 Processor SSMIS DMSP  F16 Processor AMSU-A NOAA, MetOp Processor AMSU-B NOAA  17 Processor MHS NOAA  18, MetOp Processor Analysed precipitation rate (PR-ASS-1) End-users and H-SAF central archive High resolution model synthetic radiances 1D VAR Analysis High resolution model Integration Analysed hydrometeor profiles Accumulated precipitation Soil moisture (exp.) Snow water equivalent (experim.) Forecast precipitation rate PR-ASS-2

30. IPWG, 3 rd Workshop, Melbourne, 23-27 October 200630 CONCLUSIONS H-SAF could strongly expand the use of satellites in Hydrology. The Development Phase (2005-2010) will: make available new products (precipitation, soil moisture, snow parameters) in a pre-operational fashion; progressively improve products quality through a continuous development programme parallel to the pre-operational activity; independently assess the benefit of the new products through a hydrological validation programme. Consequent to: demonstrated feasibility and affordability of generating the new products; demonstrated cost-effectiveness for application to Hydrology; a possible Operational Phase (2010-2015) could follow. Cooperation with IPWG is essential for H-SAF: H-SAF is not for science: it is for implementing an operational application; all algorithms being used or considered for use stem from IPWG activity; for products cal/val it is envisaged to heavily rely on IPWG settlements.