1. Section 3-1
Looking at Cells

2. Light Microscope
A microscope that uses a beam of light passing through one or more lenses to magnify an object
Used to view living cells

3. Electron Microscopes
A microscope that uses a beam of electrons passing through one or more lenses to magnify an object
Used to study the tiniest structures inside the cell or the cell surface
Cells are not living

4. Terms Micrograph – an image produced by a microscope
Magnification – the ability to make an object appear larger than its actual
Resolution – a measure of the clarity of an image
Both high magnification and good resolution are needed to view the details of an object clearly. Poor resolution under high magnification will cause an image to be blurry.

5. Compound Light Microscope
Uses 2 lenses
Most powerful – 2000X – allows viewing objects that are 0.5μm in diameter.
To determine magnification:
Multiply the ocular lens strength by the objective lens strength
Ocular – 10X; Objective – 40X
Magnification = 400X

6. Electron Microscope Can magnify objects up to 200,000X
Used to study very small structures within the cell
Living cells cannot be viewed by an electron microscope because electron beam and specimen have to be in vacuum chamber so the beam does not bounce off air particles

7. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Electron beam is directed at a very thin slice of a specimen stained with metal ions
Can reveal cell’s internal structure
Black and white images
Computers add artificial color

8. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Electron beam is focused on a specimen coated with a very thin layer of metal
Gives 3-dimensional image of cell’s surface
Images – black and white; computers add artificial color

9. Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Uses a needle-like probe to measure different voltages caused by electrons that leak, or tunnel, from the surface of he object being viewed.
Computers track movement of probe across object.
Can view objects as small as an atom.
Computer generates a 3D image.

10. Five Scientists that Contributed to the Development of the Cell Theory
Robert Hooke – Developed the compound Microscope and illumination system; noticed that cork was made of compartments or “cells” – first to coin the term cell.
Matthais Schleiden – along with Schwann, developed the theories that cells are the basic unit of life , cells are alive and all living things are made of cells.
Theodor Schwann - along with Schleiden, developed the theories that cells are the basic unit of life , cells are alive and all living things are made of cells.

11. Five Scientists that Contributed to the Development of the Cell Theory
Rudolph Virchow – all cells arise from other cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek – “Father of Microbiology”; discovered bacteria, protists; simple microscope; very talented at grinding lenses for microscopes

12. HOMEWORK Active Reading Worksheet Section 3-1 Review Questions page 54