1. IXP Lab 2012: Part 1 Network Processor Brief

2. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab2 Outline Network Processor Intel IXP2400 Processing Element Register Memory Interface IXP Programming Language Programming Model Programming Syntax

3. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab3 Router Development (1) Software Based General Purpose Processor Flexible Poor Performance … Hardware Based ASIC Best Performance Long Development Time

4. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab4 Router Development (2) Network Processor (NPU) Based Balance of both How ? Parallel processors Multi-threaded cores Programmable processors with nonprogrammble copressors

5. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab5 Network Processor Overview For high speed packet processing Comprise Multi-Cores for Parallel executing Multi-Threaded Core Reduced Instruction Set Multiple Memory Interfaces

6. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab6 Hierarchical Layer Data-Plane Fast-Path Slow-Path Control-Plane Routing Protocol Management-Plane Monitor Applications User Interface

7. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab7 Data-Plane Fast-Path General Packet Handling As fast as possible Slow-Path Exception Packet Handling Packet with options Local TCP/IP Stack

8. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab8 Internet eXchange Processor First Generation IXP1200, IXP1240, IXP1250 Second Generation IXP2400, IXP2800, IXP2850 IXP2805, IXP2855 Others IXP4XX

9. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab9 Network Flow Processor By Netronome From Intel IXP2XXX NFP-3240, NFP-3216

10. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab10 Target Development Board Radisys ENP-2611

11. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab11 Intel IXP2400 Block Diagram

12. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab12 IXP2400 Overview Functional Block Processing Element Memory Interfaces Coprocessors Other Interfaces Hierarchical View

13. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab13 Processing Element Programmability Hierarchical Processing Elements XScale Microengine (ME)

14. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab14 XScale RISC based processor (ARMV5TE) Real-time OS Montavista Linux ME Management Control ME execution Resource Management

15. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab15 MicroEngine (1) Eight MEs per IXP2400 (work in parallel) Eight Threads per ME Instruction set of ME are reduced for packet processing only Not as powerful as general processor No floating point related instructions No divide instruction

16. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab16 MicroEngine (2) No OS Not interactive Managed by XScale Code Store (4K Instrcutions) Executing

17. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab17 MicroEngine Threads Concurrent Executing No Preemptive Round Robin Executing Each thread own its private set of registers Zero-Overhead Context Switching

18. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab18 Registers of ME 256 GPRs 256 SRAM Transfer Registers 128 Read 128 Write 256 DRAM Transfer Registers 128 Read 128 Write 128 Next Neighbor Registers

19. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab19 Context Switch Content of registers needs not be swap- out and swap-in during context switching With the mechanism, another thread can swap in and doing some useful task to cover the long latency when the previous thread has swapped out for issues a memory request

20. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab20 Memory Interface of IXP2400 Local Memory Smallest and Fastest Scratchpad Passing handle of the packet SRAM Hold data structure for packet processing DRAM Largest and Slowest Hold packet ’ s content

21. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab21 Local Memory Per ME Private to Other MEs Private to XScale Size: 2560 Bytes (640 LWs) Usage Variable Spilling Caching Latency: 3 cycles

22. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab22 Scratchpad On-Chip Memory Shared by all MEs Size: 16KB (Fixed) Usage: Scratchpad Scratch Ring (Hardware FIFO) Latency: ~60 cycles

23. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab23 SRAM Off-Chip Memory Shared by all MEs (2-channels) Size: 64 MB (Per Channel at Maximum) Usage: Hardware FIFO Hold data structure Hold Meta-data of packets Latency: ~90 cycles

24. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab24 DRAM Off-Chip Memory Shared by all MEs (1-channels) Size: 1 GB (at Maximum) Usage: Hold whole packet contents Alternative space for data structure Latency: ~120 cycles

25. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab25 Coprocessor MSF (Media Switch Fabric) Receive Packet to DRAM Transmit Packet from DRAM SHaC Scratchpad Hash Unit CAP

26. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab26 Packet META-DATA (1) Data for processing packets How to identify packet? Packet Handle Packet Temporal Information Non-related to packet content Meta-data Input Port, Output Port Info for Packet Address in DRAM

27. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab27 Packet META-DATA (2) How to pass these info between ME? Hardware FIFO Scratch Ring SRAM Ring Next-Neighbor Ring Issues

28. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab28 Hierarchical View (Setting #1) Only one IXP2400 based board Data-Plane Fast-Path: Microengine Slow-Path: XScale Control-Plane XScale Management-Plane XScale

29. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab29 Hierarchical View (Setting #2) Multiple IXP2400 based boards Data-Plane Fast-Path: Microengine Slow-Path: XScale Control-Plane CPU Management-Plane CPU

30. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab30 Programming IXP2400 XScale Programming with C Microengine Programming with MicroC or Microcode We will focus on this part !

31. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab31 IDE Tool --IXA SDK Workbench

32. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab32 ME Language MicroC Subset of ANSI C Only limited part of standard C libraries are implemented Intrinsic Library for supporting operations of IXP Microcode High level of assembly

33. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab33 Programming Model (1) Receive – Processing – Transmit Intel has provided sample code for receive and transmit. We only focus on the part of processing. RXPROCESSINGTX

34. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab34 Programming Model (2) Processing ME Pipeline Model Parallel Model Mixed Model RXPROCESSINGTX

35. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab35 Pipeline Model RXTXPROC #1RPOC #2 Control the whole resource of ME Hard to balance between different stage

36. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab36 Parallel Model RXTX PROC #1 RPOC #2 Balance is easy Higher Performance Resource is limited

37. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab37 Mixed Model RX TX PROC #1 RPOC #2 PROC #3

38. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab38 MicroC Example 1 (1) void main () { _declspec(shared sram) int old_array[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 }; _declspec(shared sram) int new_array[sizeof(old_array)/sizeof(int)]; global_label("start_reverse"); reverse_array(old_array, new_array, sizeof(old_array)/sizeof(int)); global_label("end_reverse"); }

39. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab39 MicroC Example 1 (2) void reverse_array(volatile int* old, volatile int* new, int size) { int index = 0; for (index = 0; index < size; index++) { new[index] = old[size - index - 1]; }

40. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab40 MicroC Example 2 sram_read(&sram_egt_dim1_2_node, (__declspec(sram) unsigned int *)(PACKET_CLASSIFICATION_SRAM_BA SE1 + current*8), 2, sig_done, &sram_read_sig_dim1_2); __wait_for_all(&sram_read_sig_dim1_2); temp = sram_egt_dim1_2_node.next_dim;

41. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab41 1A. COPY IXA_SDK_3.51, ixp_book 到 D:\ 1B: 下載 http://140.116.82.38/111.7z 和 http://140.116.82.38/112.7z 並解開http://140.116.82.38/112.7z 2. reboot 3.[Ctrl+Enter] 進還原卡總管模式 4.Password: davidchang

42. NCKU CSIE CIAL Lab42 1. COPY IXA_SDK_3.51, ixp_book 到 D:\ ; 再 reboot 3.[Ctrl+Enter] 進還原卡總管模式 4.Password: davidchang 5. 解壓縮 ixasdk351cd1windows.zip, ixasdk351cd3.zip, ixasdk351framework.zip, 再 依序安裝 (cd1 裝完後需 reboot) 6. 把 ixp_book 目錄 COPY 到 C:\