1. THE CIVIL WAR

2. INCREASING PROBLEMS  Economic situation worsens  General chaos & lawlessness  War Communism failing forced grain requisitioning anti-Kulak campaign

3. THE CIVIL WAR ANTI-BOLSHEVIKS  WHITES  Very diverse: only united in anti-Bolshevism  Control periphery & borderlands “Peace & Freedom in the Soviets” “What Bolshevism brings to the people”

4. THE CIVIL WAR ANTI-BOLSHEVIKS  GREENS  Peasants who opposed both Reds & Whites atrocities committed on both sides  Local rather than national opposition

5. THE CIVIL WAR ANTI-BOLSHEVIKS  FOREIGN INTERVENTION  British, French, American, Japanese, etc. sent troops  Ineffective, withdrew in 1920 American troops in Vladivostok “Capitalists of all countries, unite!”

6. THE CIVIL WAR ANTI-BOLSHEVIKS  NON-RUSSIAN NATIONALITIES  Baltic states achieve independence  Polish-Soviet War, 1920, gives territory to Poles  Ukraine, Trans-Caucasus succumb to Soviet control

7. THE CIVIL WAR  RED VICTORY  Defeat opposition by 1921  But war ravaged country Victims of 1921 Famine  Created siege mentality “Soviet Russia is an armed camp”