1. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Predicting Observable Behavior

2. Class Writing Activity

3. MBTI = preference
We can operate out of all 16 types
Live more comfortably - less stress

4. SO WHAT IS THE MBTI ?
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a tool for understanding our own Personality Type and that of others Different does not equal “wrong.”

5. No “right” or “wrong” answers
Indicator - not test
No “right” or “wrong” answers
“Normal” behavior ... not under duress or substance
Preferences...not competencies, skills, or intelligence
None is better or worse than another

6. History of the MBTI
Was developed by Katherine C. Briggs and her daughter Isabel Myers
Started in 1920s and after rigorous research, validity, and reliability testing, it was published in 1975
Translated into 16 languages and taken by over 2 million people per year
Based on the work of Swiss psychologist Carl Jung, who described personality type preferences.

7. Carl Jung’s Theory of Psychological Types Is perception reality?

10. THEORY BEHIND MBTI Perception Judgment Orientation Conclusions
Subjective vs. Objective
Judgment
Orientation
Conclusions

11. MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR SCALE
E......………orientation of energy.…….……..I
S……....… assimilate information …..……..N
T…..….… arriving at conclusions ……….....F
J… …lifestyle orientation ………… P
___________________________________________

12. People who prefer Extroversion…
Focus their energy and attention outwardly
Are interested in the world of people and things
Receive energy from interacting with people and from taking action
People who prefer Introversion…
Focus their energy and attention inwardly
Are interested in the world of thoughts and reflections
Receive energy from within themselves

13. Interesting Tendencies I vs. E
Americans are equally divided
Extroverts “usually” talk more & louder
Strong cultural bias in favor of extroverts

14. Communication Styles Extroversion Introversion
Communicate energy and enthusiasm Seek opportunities to talk with groups Prefer face-to-face rather than Talk about people & things in external environment
Keep energy and enthusiasm inside Seek to communicate one-on-one Prefer written communication or over face-to-face Verbalize ideas only that have been thought through

15. Work Preferences Extroversion Introversion
Like participating actively Often impatient with long, slow jobs or tasks Develop ideas by talking with others Like having people around and working in teams
Like quiet and private space for conversation & work Like to think before they act, sometimes not acting Develop ideas alone through quiet reflection Like working by themselves, or occasionally in small groups

16. Shyness vs. Introversion
Introvert
Not Shy
Extrovert

17. Extroverts see Introverts as:
secretive, too private
impersonal and unfriendly
withholding and self-absorbed
slow and uncooperative
socially awkward
Introverts see Extroverts as:
too talkative, shoot from the hip
intrusive and pushy
superficial and disingenuous
hyperactive and overwhelming
rude and bossy

18. MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR SCALE
E……………orientation of energy ….………….I
S…………assimilate information ……………..N
T……………arriving at conclusions …………..F
J……………lifestyle orientation ……………....P
_______________________________________________

19. iNtuition… Sensation… People who prefer People who prefer
Prefer to take in information using their 5 senses - sight, sound, feel, smell and taste
Details people
S’s can see the trees but not the forest
People who prefer
iNtuition…
Go beyond what is real or concrete and focus on meanings, associations and relationships
Big Picture people
N’s can see the forest but not the trees

20. Interesting Tendencies S vs. N
Sensors= 65% of population...at least.
Intuitives= 35% of population...at most.

21. Communication Styles Sensing Intuition
Like facts, evidence presented first Rely on direct experience to provide information Use orderly, step-by-step approach in conversations Like suggestions to be straightforward & feasible In meetings, prefer to stick with the agenda
Likes global schemes, with broad issues 1st Use insight and imagination as information and anecdotes Rely on a round-about approach in conversations Like suggestions to be novel and unusual In meetings, use agenda as a starting point

22. Work Preferences Sensing Intuition
Like using experience and standard ways on problems Seldom make errors of fact, but may ignore inspirations Prefer to do things with a practical bent Enjoy applying skills already perfected Proceed step-by-step accurately estimating time needed
Like solving, new, complex problems Seldom ignore insights, but may overlook facts, details Like to do things with an innovative bent Enjoy the challenge of learning something new Proceed in bursts of energy, following inspirations as time goes by

23. Sensors see Intuitives as:
flighty and erratic
unrealistic
impractical
having their head in the clouds
too complicated and theoretical
Intuitives see Sensors as:
unimaginative and uncreative
boring, resistant to new things
stodgy, sticks-in-the-mud
lacking vision
simplistic

24. MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR SCALE
E……………orientation of energy ……………...I
S……………assimilate information …………...N
T……………arriving at conclusions ………...…F
J……………lifestyle orientation ……………......P
_______________________________________________

25. Feeling… Thinking… People who prefer
Make their decisions based on impersonal, objective logic
Mentally remove themselves from a situation to examine pros and cons
People who prefer
Feeling…
Make their decisions based on a person- centred, value-based process
Mentally placed themselves into the situation to identify with everyone so as to make decisions

26. Interesting Tendencies T vs. F
Gender bias
65% of men = Thinkers (Objective Decision-makers)
65% of women = Feelers (Subjective Decision-makers)

27. Communication Styles Thinking Feeling
Prefer to be personable and in agreement Want to know alternative’s impact on people & values Convinced by personal authenticity Present points of agreement first In meetings, seek involvement with people first before taking on task
Efficiency a premium Want pros and cons presented for each issue Convinced by cool, impersonal reasoning Present goals and objectives first In meetings, seek involvement with the task first

28. Work Preferences Thinking Feeling
Use values to reach conclusions Work best in harmony, focus is on people Enjoy meeting people's needs, even in small matters Decisions influenced by their own and others' likes and dislikes Are sympathetic and dislike, even avoid, telling people unpleasant things
Use logical analysis to reach conclusions Can work without harmony, focusing on task Upset people at times by overlooking their emotions Decide impersonally, some- times ignoring people's wishes Tend to be firm-minded and ready to offer critiques

29. Thinkers see Feelers as:
illogical
over-emotional
weak
hysterical
irrational
Feelers see Thinkers as:
cold
insensitive
uncaring
inhumane
hard-hearted

30. MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR SCALE
E…………… orientation of energy ……………..I
S…………… assimilate information …………..N
T…………… arriving at conclusions …….……F
J…………. lifestyle orientation ……………......P
_______________________________________________

31. Perceiving… Judging… People who prefer People who prefer
Like to live in a planned, orderly way
Like to make decisions, come to closure and then move on
Lives tend to be structured and organized
People who prefer
Perceiving…
Like to live in a flexible, spontaneous way seeking to experience life
Final decisions feel confining to them
Prefer to stay open to new information and last-minute options

32. Interesting Tendencies J vs. P
60 % Judgers
40% Perceivers
Cultural preference for Judging behavior

33. Communication Styles Judging Perceiving
Want to agree on schedules, timetables & deadlines Dislike surprises and want advance warning Expect others to follow thru; they count on this State their positions and decisions as final In meetings, concentrate on task completion
Resist tight deadlines, unchangeable schedules Enjoy surprises, adapt to last-minute changes easily Expect others to respond to situational requirements Present their views as tentative and modifiable In meetings, concentrate more on process being used

34. Work Preferences Judging Perceiving
Work best when they can plan their work and work their plan Enjoy organizing and finishing tasks Focus on what needs to be completed, ignoring everything else Sometimes decide quickly in their desire for closure Use lists to prompt action on specific tasks
Want flexibility in their work Enjoy starting tasks and leaving them open for last- minute changes Feel comfortable staying open to new experiences, not wanting to miss anything Postpone decisions because of search for more options Use lists to remind of possible things to do if time allows

35. Judgers see Perceivers as:
lazy and/or unproductive
chronically late; miss important deadlines
not serious enough
irresponsible and unreliable
procrastinators; incapable of making decisions
Perceivers see Judgers as:
rigid and unyielding
inflexible and stubborn
controlling
regard things as too black and white

36. Review your MBTI See how close to actual score
Type yourself and others
Enhance leadership Skills

37. MBTI Concepts for Living
Understanding and Using Archetypes

38. What is an Archetype? Type or pattern Human Blueprints — Carl Jung
Expressions of Character

39. Purpose: Archetypes Effectiveness Self-awareness Mastery over choices
Tolerance

40. The Four Temperament Archetypes
We all operate out of
an Archetype…and sometimes two…

41. What is your MBTI Archetype?
If your score contains SJ = Guardian
If your score contains SP = Artisan
If your score contains NF = Idealist
If your score contains NT = Rational

42. Guardian About 40-45% of the population
Home/family/Society = Guardian life
Cautious
Societal Cornerstones
Upholding societal institutions

43. Four Types of Guardians
Supervisor ESTJ Rockefeller, Billy Graham, Lucy (fict.)
Inspector ISTJ George Washington, Evander Holyfield, Eeyore (fict.)
Provider ESFJ Bill Clinton, Terry Bradshaw, Donald Duck (fict.)
Protector ISFJ Robert E. Lee, Seinfeld, Johnny Carson, Dr. Watson (fict.)

44. GUARDIANS
ESTJ – high energy, decisive, quick to come to logical conclusions; can be blunt, insensitive; take charge, but can be domineering; “Cut to the chase” “What’s the bottom line?”
ISTJ – quiet, but strong-willed; conservative, thorough & meticulous; cautious, hesitant facing change; private about personal life; “Step by step” “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it”
ESFJ – friendly, outgoing, helpful to others; emotions on sleeve, demonstrative; dichotomous, speak with great conviction; “Here’s how I feel about it” “How do you usually do this?”
ISFJ – quiet, modest, helping; avoid spotlight, work behind scenes; memory for details; follow rules and expectations; unassertive; “You have my word” “May I share something with you?”

45. Artisan About 35-40% of the population
Free and spontaneous
Artful action
Hands-on

46. Four Types of Artisans
Promoter ESTP Hemingway, Eddie Murphy, Bruce Willis, Michael J. Fox
Crafter ISTP James Dean, Clint Eastwood, Burt Reynolds
Performer ESFP Arsenio Hall, Woody Harrelson, Steve Irwin
Composer ISFP Marilyn Monroe, Michael Jackson, Paul McCartney, Kevin Costner, John Travolta

47. ARTISANS
ESTP – gregarious, outgoing, energetic & active; enjoy spotlight; spontaneous, love good time; casual, like variety; “I’m game if you are” “Far easier to beg forgiveness than ask permission”
ISTP – quiet, reserved, independent; prefer working with things; prefer physical situation to social; high need for freedom; “Live and let live” “I’ll let you alone to work on that”
ESFP – warm, friendly, approachable; easygoing, enjoy people; highly observant: prefer action and having fun; seen as very busy; lot of activities; “A bunch of us are going…” “Having a lousy day, cheer me up!”
ISFP – gentle, soft-spoken, modest; extremely sensitive & nurturing; easygoing & relaxed; seek harmony, pleasing others; avoid confrontations; “You are very thoughtful” “Take your time, I’ll wait for you”

48. Idealists About 8-10% of the population
Personal growth temperament
Bettering themselves and others
Concerned with the greater good

49. The Four Types of Idealists
Teacher ENFJ Lincoln, Reagan, Maslow, Oprah
Counselor INFJ Carter, King, Billy Crystal, Mel Gibson
Champion ENFP Mark Twain, Bill Cosby, Robin Williams
Healer INFP Shakespeare, JFK

50. IDEALISTS
ENFJ – friendly, talkative, articulate; touch often, tho appropriately; love discussing personal issues; charismatic, persuasive; sensitive to criticism; “Let me share how I feel” “I love to give compliments”
INFJ – complex, creative with strong convictions; reserved, uncomfortable in social settings; thoughtful, idea people; like working 1-on-1; “”What do you feel is the right thing to do?” “I’m looking for a creative solution”
ENFP – energized by new ideas; outgoing, friendly, talkative; love being around people; irreverent, insatiably curious; scattered, jump from thought to thought; “I’ve got a great idea” “There’s someone I’d like you to meet”
INFP – extremely sensitive, feel things deeply; forgetful, seemingly unconcerned with details of daily living; thoughtful, soft-spoken; “What feels right for you?” “No rush, take your time”

51. Rational About 1-2 % of the population
Technology can overcome obstacles
How does this work?
How do you do that?
How do you build that?
Early interest in solving problems
Patterns

52. Four Types of Rationals
Field Marshal ENTJ Roosevelt, Nixon, Harrison Ford, Steve Martin, Letterman
Mastermind  INTJ Dan Akroyd, Chevy Chase, Schwarzenegger, Jefferson
Inventor ENTP Carlin, Weird Al, Hitchcock, Dangerfield
Architect INTP Socrates, Newton, Tiger Woods

53. RATIONALS
ENTJ – take-charge; friendly, outgoing, high energy; quick learns, exude confidence; organized, decisive; creative, innovative; over-powering at times; “Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead” “Who’s in charge here?”
INTJ – most independent; quiet, reserved, cool, formal; avoid spotlight & excessive praise; intellectual, spend time in deep thought; diplomatic; perfectionists; “”What are the long-range implications?” “With all due respect”
ENTP – charming, charismatic, flirtatious; enthusiastic, energetic, love people; creative, always working on new scheme; curious, observant, highly perceptive; “Let’s brainstorm some ideas” “This may be off the wall, but…”
INTP – intensely private, highly selective in sharing themselves; strategic thinkers, analytical; may appear detached, aloof; loners, love data, computers; “Would you give this some thought?” “I respect your privacy on this”

54. Well-Known Examples the Four Temperaments
Artisans
                  

55. Guardians

56. Well-Known Examples the Four Temperaments
Rationals

57. Idealists

58. Archetypes in Harry Potter

59. The Four Houses

60. Using Archetypes maximizing potential
do you tend towards linear thinking and order or not?

61. Using Archetypes
Sensors, Thinkers, and Judgers tend towards linear thinking and order
Intuitives, Feelers, and Perceivers tend towards less linear/order

62. MBTI Types and Stress
For every temperament there are strengths…and weaknesses under extreme stress…

63. MBTI Types and Stress Rationals
ENTJ – Feeling, Introversion
ENTP – Sensing, Introversion
INTP – Feeling, Extroversion
INTJ – Sensing, Extroversion

64. MBTI Types and Stress Rational characteristics
ENTJ – Impatience, intolerance, hypersensitivity, incompetence, feeling depressed
ENTP – Exhaustion, fixation on negative details, hypochondria, withdrawal, imposition on others
INTP – Over-concern for inconsequential matters, using unclear evidence to support conclusions, attacking others or becoming physically ill
INTJ – stubbornness, overindulgence of sensation, feeling adversarial

65. MBTI Types and Stress Idealists
INFJ – Sensation, Extroversion
INFP – Thinking, Extroversion
ENFP – Sensing, Introversion
ENFJ – Thinking, Introversion

66. MBTI Types and Stress Idealist characteristics
INFJ – stubbornness, overindulgence of sensation, feeling adversarial
INFP – Harsh, emotional outburst, over intellectualizing, need for control, focus on negatives of others
ENFP – Exhaustion, fixation on negative details, hypochondria, withdrawal, imposition on others
ENFJ – Categorical statements of truth, becoming inarticulate, moody, sarcastic criticism

67. MBTI Types and Stress Artisans
ISTP – Feeling, Extroversion
ISFP – Thinking, Extroversion
ESTP & ESFP – Intuition, Introversion

68. MBTI Types and Stress Artisan characteristics
ISTP – Over-concern for inconsequential matters, using unclear evidence to support conclusions, attacking others or becoming physically ill
ISFP – Harsh, emotional outburst, over intellectualizing, need for control, focus on negatives of others
ESTP & ESFP – Internal confusion, off the wall theorizing, paralysis

69. MBTI Types and Stress Guardians
ISTJ & ISFJ – Intuition, Extroversion
ESTJ – Feeling, Introversion
ESFJ – Thinking, Introversion

70. MBTI Types and Stress Guardian characteristics
ISTJ & ISFJ – Negativity, hopelessness, feeling unappreciated or overwhelmed
ESTJ – Impatience, intolerance, hypersensitivity, incompetence, feeling depressed
ESFJ – Categorical statements of truth, becoming inarticulate, moody, sarcastic criticism

71. The Forer Effect
Remember that the MBTI does not make us...we make the MBTI.
Be careful not to “fulfill the prophecy,” unless, of course....you want to use it as a tool for constructive change...

72. MBTI stats: General Population
Roughly, depending on survey
Rationals 1-2%
Idealists 8-10%
Artisans 35-40%
Guardians 40-50%

73. MBTI stats: Full Sail Rationals 38% Idealists 37% Artisans 9%
GD, CA, DAD
Rationals 38%
Idealists 37%
Artisans 9%
Guardians 8% --splits 8%

74. MBTI stats: General Population
Roughly, depending on survey
Extroverts 50-75%, Introverts 25-50%
Sensors 65%, iNtuitives 35%
Thinkers 50%, Feelers 50%
Judgers 60%, Perceivers 40%

75. MBTI stats: Full Sail GD, CA, DAD Extroverts 41%, Introverts 59%
Sensors 16%, iNtuitives 76% (S/N 8%)
Thinkers 52%, Feelers 45% (T/F 3%)
Judgers 29%, Perceivers 69% (J/P 2%)

78. Most Common Types at Full Sail
Inventor/Designer (INTP)
17.3%
Proponent/Advocate (INFP)
13.3%
Proponent/Messenger (ENFP)
14.2%
Inventor/Improvisor (ENTP)
9.1%
Director/Strategist (INTJ)
6.8%

79. Most Common Types at Full Sail

80. MBTI fun: Idealists
ENFJ: "Busybody" Life's backseat drivers. They seem to know just what's wrong with everybody else's life and have a plan to fix it.
INFJ: "Messiah" Characterized by the burning desire to change the world, which desperately needs everyone to be an NF.
ENFP: "Muckraker" Creator of hype, distortion, and perversion of media information into wallows of mindless emotionalism.
INFP: "Fanatic" Always searching for an Answer with a capital A. Unlike the INFJ, they are usually openminded enough to realize the current one isn't good enough after a few years.

81. MBTI fun: Rationals
ENTJ: "Tyrant" Knows better than everyone how things should be done and works tirelessly to obtain the power to make it happen that way.
INTJ: "Crackpot" All facts which don't fit their theories are just wrong. The more all-encompassing and less applicable to reality the theories, the better.
ENTP: "Frankenstein" The salvation of the world is to be found in this new nanotronic frannistan, of which he or she just happens to have an almost-working model...
INTP: "Nerd" What? you mean people actually talk to each other using mouths and ears instead of keyboards????

82. MBTI fun: Artisans
ESTP: "Beer Drinker" Loud, crude, plays team sports, kisses and tells. These are the people beer commercials are made for.
ESFP: "Clown" Always the class troublemaker, they have no respect for anybody or anything. Good at snide wisecracks.
ISTP: "Assassin" Hates people, and is good at killing them. Young ISTP's are good at killing pictures of people in video games.
ISFP: "Snob" Revels in the elaborate sensations of wine and paintings and music that are completely indistinguishable to ordinary people. Likes flowers.

83. ISTJ: "Bean Counter" Like the ESTJ but with less vision.
MBTI fun: Guardians
ESTJ: "Stuffed Shirt" No imagination, no flexibility, no common sense, no capacity for tolerance of others with different priorities.
ISTJ: "Bean Counter" Like the ESTJ but with less vision.
ESFJ: "Gossip" Like the Busybody, but characterized by the urge to backstab instead of trying to help.
ISFJ: "Sidekick" Doesn't need much meaning in life, just a person (or baby or pet or car) to spend all their time ministering to.

84. Class Exercise Get in lab groups Review interpretations
Prepare brief profile summary
What is your archetype?
What do you bring to the group? (strengths)
What are your weaknesses? (Where do you need help from the rest of the group?)
Share your summary with group – discuss roles in re profile

85. Works Cited
Isachsen, Olaf and Linda Berens. Working Together: A Personality-Centered Approach to Management. San Juan: Institute for Management Development, 1988.
Tieger, Paul D. and Barbara Barron- Tieger. The Art of Speed Reading People. New York: Little, Brown, and Co., 1998.