1. An Introduction By:- Rajeeve Ranjan Counseling

2. “Love All, Serve All. Help Ever, Hurt Never”.

3. Chapter Review  General Meaning of Counseling  Historical Development of Counseling  Goals of Counseling  Stages of Counseling Process  General Types of Counseling :-  Crisis Counseling  Facilitative Counseling  Preventive Counseling  Developmental Counseling  General Responses of Counselor

4. An interactive process Unique relationship –leads to change in the client in one or more of the following areas one or more of the following areas BehaviorBehavior BeliefsBeliefs Level of emotional distress.Level of emotional distress. A professional relationship :- Counselee- needs assistance & Counselor- trained and educated to give this assistance. One to one relationship- an individual unable to cope alone, an individual unable to cope alone, a professional trained and qualified to help others. a professional trained and qualified to help others. General Meaning of Counseling

5. Mutual exchange of information.Mutual exchange of information. Relationship- warmth, permissiveness,Relationship- warmth, permissiveness, understanding, acceptance ect. understanding, acceptance ect. Dynamic and purposeful targets.Dynamic and purposeful targets. Confidential relationshipConfidential relationship

6. Historical Development of Counseling Shrimadbhagawat Gita by Krishna to ArjunShrimadbhagawat Gita by Krishna to Arjun Ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato, Aristotle,Ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato, Aristotle, formulated concept of counseling, which dealt with the interaction of people with one another and their environment.

7. Goals of Counseling Resolving Client Problems.Resolving Client Problems. Facilitating Client PotentialFacilitating Client Potential & Development. Enhancing the client’sEnhancing the client’s potential & ability to cope. Promoting the decisionPromoting the decision making process.

8. Stages of Counseling Process Problem identification and relationship establishment Problem identification and relationship establishment Exploration and analysis Exploration and analysis Implementation Implementation Termination Termination

9. Stages of Counseling Process 1- Problem identification & relationship establishment: 1- Problem identification & relationship establishment:  Developing a helping relationship,  Helping the client to state concerns, problems or reasons for seeking assistance,  Determining the extent to which beneficial help can be given,  Defining the structure and conditions of the helping relationship.

10. 2- Exploration and analysis  Each problem area  Specify client problem  Analyze each problem in term of variables that influence or maintain it. that influence or maintain it.  Determine the severity of client problems.  Arrange client problems in terms of priorities; which problem will be worked first. which problem will be worked first.  Recognize and deal effectively with transference, counter transference and resistance. counter transference and resistance.

11. 3- Implementation :-  Implementing procedures that resolve client problems,  Helping the client take constructive actions,  Gather needed information about self (interest, aptitude, personality characteristics…) about self (interest, aptitude, personality characteristics…)

12. 4- Termination 1.the counselor may approach the issue directly. 2.“If the client feels that goals have been achieved to his or her satisfaction, a tentative date for termination may be set”. her satisfaction, a tentative date for termination may be set”. 3. The mechanisms of termination usually involve one or more steps: When both client & counselor agree that termination isWhen both client & counselor agree that termination is desirable, a tentative date Is set. The counselor may want to space out the last fewThe counselor may want to space out the last few sessions to see how client fare utilizing their own resources. It is desirable to make arrangements for follow-up with clients.It is desirable to make arrangements for follow-up with clients.

13. Crisis Counseling – Immediate Crisis Counseling – Immediate Facilitative Counseling – Various- short to long Facilitative Counseling – Various- short to long Preventive Counseling- Specific time span Preventive Counseling- Specific time span Developmental Counseling – Continuous Developmental Counseling – Continuous General Types of Counseling

14. Crisis Counseling Possible concerns Suicide attempts,Suicide attempts, Unwanted pregnancy,Unwanted pregnancy, Death of one, Divorce,Death of one, Divorce, Hospitalization,Hospitalization, Job relocation,Job relocation, Loss of job,Loss of job, Retirement, Retirement, New family member,New family member, Imprisonment,Imprisonment, Infidelity,Infidelity, Drug addiction orDrug addiction or Financial problemsFinancial problems

15. Crisis Counseling Possible counselor activities Personal support,Personal support, Direct intervention, Direct intervention, Gather additional support,Gather additional support, Individual counseling, orIndividual counseling, or Refer to appropriate clinic or agency.Refer to appropriate clinic or agency.

16. Facilitative Counseling Possible concerns Choosing academic options,Choosing academic options, Planning a career,Planning a career, Getting along with family member,Getting along with family member, Fellow workers or classmates andFellow workers or classmates and Identifying individual strengths,Identifying individual strengths, Interest and aptitudes.Interest and aptitudes.

17. Facilitative Counseling Possible counselor activities Individual counseling including:Individual counseling including: Reflection of feelings,Reflection of feelings, Reflection of content,Reflection of content, Informing,Informing, Interpreting,Interpreting, Confronting,Confronting, Direct activities.Direct activities.

18. Preventive Counseling Possible concerns Self awareness,Self awareness, Future career choices andFuture career choices and Career preparation,Career preparation, Drug awareness,Drug awareness, Retirement options, andRetirement options, and Communicating skills,Communicating skills, Future anxiety,Future anxiety, Sex education-Sex education- sexuality & sexual relationshipsexuality & sexual relationship

19. Preventive Counseling Possible counselor activities Information giving,Information giving, Referral to relevant programs,Referral to relevant programs, Individual counseling regardingIndividual counseling regarding program content and process. program content and process.

20. Developmental Counseling Possible concerns Self understanding,Self understanding, Improved decision making skills,Improved decision making skills, Positive behavior change,Positive behavior change, Developing positive self concept,Developing positive self concept, Mid career change,Mid career change, Acceptance of death and dyingAcceptance of death and dying

21. Developmental Counseling Possible counselor activities Aiding values clarification, Reviewing decision making, Reviewing decision making, Individual counseling regarding: Individual counseling regarding: personal development in conjunction with significant others and environmental placement

22. General Responses of Counselor AttendingAttending ParaphrasingParaphrasing ReflectionReflection ClarifyingClarifying Perception checkingPerception checking LeadingLeading

23. SummarizationSummarization ApprovingApproving ConfrontingConfronting InterpretingInterpreting