1. How does GIS work? GIS in Business How do we use it?

2. How do Geographic Information Systems work?

3. Relating information from different sources Different kinds of data in map form can be entered into a GIS Digital satellite images can be analyzed to produce a map of digital information about land use and land cover

4. How can a GIS use the information in a map? The answer is data capture –Maps can be digitized Hand-tracing with a computer mouse on the screen Digitizing tablet to collect the coordinates of features Electronic scanners can also convert maps to digits Electronic scanners can also convert maps to digits –Coordinates from Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers can also be uploaded

5. Data Integration A GIS integrates information that is difficult to associate through any other means. –GIS can use combinations of mapped variables to build and analyze new variables

6. Projection and Registration Information in a GIS comes from existing maps –Uses computer processing power to transform digital info, gathered from sources with different projections, to a common projection –Mathematical way of transferring information from the Earth's three-dimensional surface to a two-dimensional medium.

7. Data Structures Can a land use map be related to a satellite image? –Yes, may not be entirely compatible. –Satellite image data that have been interpreted by a computer to produce a land use map can be "read into" the GIS in raster format. Raster data files consist of rows of uniform cells coded according to data values.

8. GIS in Business GIS are typical in business and management operations around the globe in organizations as diverse as: –City and state governments –Utilities & telecommunications –Railroads & civil engineering –Petroleum exploration and retailing –Private and public sectors

9. GIS is about to move globally as the demands on GIS and business as a whole is fast changing. It is no longer just in the routing problems but in: –Warehousing –Mining –Visualization –Enterprise Resource Planning –E-Commerce

10. GIS can also improve such function as: –Target marketing –Customer service –Demand forecasting –Property management/real estate market share analysis –Merchandise planning –Distribution logistics and many more areas

11. There are also problems with GIS. Some examples are: –Availability of data The most detailed street maps are not always available for use to the general public and GIS systems –Quality of the data Data that is available from private parties or government agencies is often questionable. Streets are found missing, new buildings and changing landscapes are frequently not updated.

12. –Cost of its production Not everyone can afford a custom GIS –Shortage of knowledgeable staff

13. How do we use GIS A graphic file linked to an attribute database - Example: migration routes of caribou and polar bears - De-conflict

14. Map Making Eliminating developed areas Pollution Heavy deposits of sand/gravel Bed rock depth Saturation thickness grater than 40 ft.

15. Land use example

16. GIS holds tremendous potential for: –Improving productivity –Credibility- More efficient –Profitability of any organization. GIS adds meaning to –Data turns into Adequate quality Information for making a more educated decision. Adequate quality Information for making a more educated decision. This results in Knowledge Key Takeaways

17. The Appeal and Potential of GIS