1. Library wayfinding experiment Brief summary

2. Central Stacks Central Stacks 1A

3. Paterno 5F

4. West Pattee 3F

5. Central Stacks Space syntax providing formal descriptions of environment

6. Paterno 5F Space syntax providing formal descriptions of environment

7. West Pattee Space syntax providing formal descriptions of environment

8. Wayfinding Time Limited experience No experience Time to locate two books in a library (mins) 16.6614.0814.30 7.9613.38

9. Off-Route Distances(meters) 132.24179.45179.95217.60144.11142.07 94.9629.7158.25 Length of the easiest route Average walked distance Limited experience No experience

10. Direction estimation errors (degrees) 45.0078.7570.0075.0023.7595.00 Limited experience No experience

11. Traveled paths in Central Stacks

12. Wayfinding performance  Locating a book on Paterno 5F

13. Wayfinding performance  Locating a book on West Pattee 3F

14. Causes in Central Stacks  Layout complexity of the environment  Lack of wayfinding aids at important intersections  Understanding of the layouts of Central Stacks

15. Causes on Paterno 5th  Inconsistent wayfinding information  Ambiguous signs

16. Causes in West Pattee 3rd  Insufficient information on book stacks  Understanding of the book index system