1. Creating Microaerophilic Atmospheric Condition for Incubation of C. jejuni Dr. Abdulaziz Bamarouf

2. Microaerophilic An atmosphere of 5% O 2 is appropriate for culturing C. jejuni This microaerophilic atmosphere can be produced by several ways including:

3. Candle Jar The oxygen concentration in a sealed jar is reduced by the burning candle and produces a microaerophilic atmosphere

4. Candle Jar

5. Evacuation Replacement System The air in a sealed jar is removed by a vacuum device and produces a microaerophilic atmosphere and then replaced with a special gas mixture

6. Evacuation Replacement System

7. Fortner Principle Campylobacter agar plate is sealed in a plastic bag with a second agar plate inoculated with E. coli Because E. coli is facultative anaerobe, it uses up some of the oxygen in the bag and produces a microaerophilic atmosphere

8. Fortner Principle

9. Gas Generating Systems The oxygen concentration in a sealed jar is reduced by using gas-generating systems Gas-generating systems are activated by adding water to a special envelope which contain tablets containing different chemicals A chemical reaction will start which consume oxygen and produces a microaerophilic atmosphere

10. Gas Generating Systems

13. Microaerophilic Bags Microaerophilic bags are commercially available Agar plate and microaerophilic gas- generating system are sealed in a disposable, gas-impermeable plastic bag Gas-generating systems are activated by crushing a special ampule

14. Microaerophilic Bags A chemical reaction will start which consume oxygen and produces a microaerophilic atmosphere

15. Anaerobic Chambers This is optimal incubation system It allows all laboratory manipulation to occur in controlled atmospheric condition Chambers equipped with airtight rubber gloves for the technologist to perform their work inside the chamber

16. Anaerobic Champers A= gas mixture B= entry lock F= incubator

17. Anaerobic Champers