1. Ternopil State Medical University named by I. Horbachevskyj Department of Therapeutic Dentistry Topic: Filling materials for permanent and temporary fillings and linings. General requirements. Classification. Modern filling materials (cements, amalgam, composite materials). Composition, properties. Indications for use. Lecturer : Levkiv Mariana.

2. 1. Classification of filling materials Depending to which group the tooth belongs, filling materials are distinguished:  For front group of teeth  For molars and premolars According to the material from which restorative materials are produced, they are divided into: Metals : amalgam, alloys, pure metals (gold); Non metals: cements, plastic, composite materials. According to the purpose Filling materials are divided for: Permanent Temporary Permanent Temporary

3. Light-curing composite filling material

5. Therapeutic linings Calcium hydroxide cements Zinc oxide/eugenol cements

6. Objectives of pulp protection are as follows:. ■ Therapeutic: Stimulate odontoblasts to lay down reparative dentine. Encourage remineralisation of dentine. Act against any remaining bacteria. ■ Protect from chemicals. These may come from the oral cavity, bacteria or from the restorative material. ■ Protect from temperature. Metal restorative materials, such as amalgam and gold, will transmit changes in temperature from the oral cavity and, in the absence of a suitable layer of dentine in deep cavities, additional protection must be provided. ■ Seal the dentinal tubules. This will prevent fluids containing bacteria, molecules and ions entering the dentinal tubules, and as a result prevent pain and possible further caries.

7. Materials for therapeutic linings

8. a – b - Methods of pulp protection a – ‘indirect pulp capping’ b - ‘direct pulp capping’

9. Classification of cements Zinc-phosphate cements Zinc-sulfate cements Zinc-eugenol cements Glass-ionomer cements Poly-carboxylate cements

10. Zinc-phosphate cement

11. Mixing rules of phospate cement

12. Silicate cements

13. Mixing rules for silicate cement

14. Silico-phosphate cement

15. Poly-carboxylate cement

16. Glass ionomers They also have a low tensile strength which makes them brittle and unsuitable for use in load-bearing areas in permanent teeth. They are used as lining and luting materials and to restore abrasion and erosion lesions, cervical lesions and deciduous (primary) teeth and as interim restorations. It must be appreciated, however, that they are less translucent than resin composite restoratives and therefore their appearance is less acceptable.

17. Glass ionomers

18. Ready to use formulations of glass- ionomer cement

20. Dental amalgam

21. Useage of silver amalgam: а – amalgam is taken out from the capsule; б, в, г – filling of I, II and V classes respectively

22. Amalgam without gamma-2 phase - Sybraloy (Kerr)

23. Amalgamtreggers

24. Instruments for placing amalgam into carious cavity

25. Finishing of amalgam filling

26. Composite materials Macrofilled 0,04 – 0,1 (8 – 12 мcм) Microfilled 0,04 – 0,1 – 1 – 5 (1 -5 мcм ) Hybride ( has macro- and micro- particles) Nanohybride (has nano-particles – 0,0004 мcм)

27. Chemical cured composite

28. Light-curing units

29. Light-curing composite material

32. Conditioning of dentine

33. Dentine conditioning and adhesion. (a) Freshly cut dentine surface. (b) Conditioned dentine. (c) With bonding agent applied.