1. Barry T. Fryer Dudley (MBA, MSc Image Analysis) Electronic Imaging Fundamentals “..any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur C. Clark June 2008

2. Requirement: Provide image analysis technology to facilitate enrolment and IDENTIFICATION of a BUTTON Requirement: Provide image analysis technology to facilitate enrolment and IDENTIFICATION of a BUTTON

3. Why do Image Analysis? u Better Definition of Contrasting Areas u Improved Precision/Accuracy in Measurements u Reproducibility of Results u Higher Throughput than Manual Methods

4. A Wo rd About Our Eyes u Eyes are very good contrast adjusters, but not good for distinguishing subtle variations in color u Eyes can discern about 30 continuous levels of gray or color in a field of view u Eyes are not good judges of distance u Eyes cannot accurately reproduce measurements

5. Which is BIGGER / LONGER???

6. Electronic Imaging Fundamentals Acquire Process Identify Analyze Report

7. Arguably, the most important aspect of all u Proper setup of imaging apparatus is vital u Obtain maximum contrast and dynamic range u Reduce “noise” and other unwanted artifacts u Uniform lighting (light) u Product presentation (right way up) u Speed (CCTV VS DIGITAL) Acquiring the Image

8. Slide 8www.I-Cube.co.za u Lens u Image sensor u Digitizing u Pre-processing u Timing u Interface u PLC u Cat-5e u Ethernet cable u up to 100 m u Local I/Os: - Trigger input - Results output u Illumination control u Image Processing In PC u Illumination u (Lens Iris u Video) u Power Acquire

9. Calibration

10. Image Database

11. Record Query

12. Thresholding an Image u Select appropriate morphometric characteristics u Identify regions of interest to analyse u Mask regions u Colour u Size u Shape u Intensity

13. Search based on inclusions (bright)

14. Search based on inclusions (dark)

15. Slide 15 Surface Plot

16. Similar Project

17. Contact Details Barry Fryer Dudley Contact Details Barry Fryer Dudley Cell: 082 562 8225 email: images@i-cube.co.zaimages@i-cube.co.za

18. References B.T. Dudley. "Image Analysis and Waste Technology in Africa", Binary - Computers in Microbiology, 5, 3-4. (1993) B.T. Dudley, A.R. Howgrave-Graham, A.G. Bruton and F.M. Wallis. "The application of digital image analysis to quantifying and measuring UASB digester granules", Biotechnology & Bioengineering. 42, 279 - 283. (1993) Castleman, K. R. 1998. Concepts in Imaging and Microscopy: Color Image Processing for Microscopy. The Biological Bulletin. 194 (2): 100-107. Russ, J.C. 1995. The Image Processing Handbook. 2nd ed. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. Inoue, S. (1986). Video Microscopy. Plenum Press Internet: www.I-Cube.co.zawww.I-Cube.co.za