1. Brummett and Emig Readings

2. Brummett

3.  Relationship between knowledge and discourse  Depending on point of view, entail a conception of reality, knowledge, discourse, and the relationship among them

4. Three views of rhetoric  Methodological  Rhetoric is a means to discovery of the truth, a conduit to knowledge  Rhetoric leads people to realize the truth about an objective and unitary reality  Rhetoric discovers a world waiting to be found

5.  There is one truth and it is out there  Implications of this view for rhetoric  Rhetoric has no subject matter of its own  Rhetoric has not changed much since classical times

6.  Sociological  Focuses on the role of rhetoric in the social sphere  Leaves the role of rhetoric in mathematics and the sciences untouched (nonexistent)  Divides reality into social and material realms

7.  Material reality and truth are absolute, but social reality is created in discourse  Rhetoric has limited or no action in the material realm; a rock is a rock, and observation of it does not require rhetoric  Social reality is plural and relative  There are many truths on social issues and each of them may be true for the groups that espouse them.

8.  Ontological  Rhetoric creates all of what there is to know  Discourse does not merely discover a pre- existing truth  Discourse creates realities rather than truths about realities

9.  Reality is a particular blend of the physical and the meaningful  All of what people do is in some way rhetorically shaped and, in its turn, rhetorically influential on others  Rhetoric as a discipline has a co-equal status with any other discipline

10. Emig

11. Inquiry vs. research  why? Research implies empirical research

12. Inquiry Paradigm  Governing gaze  An acknowledged, or conscious, set of assumptions  Coherent theory or theories  Allegiance to an explicit or tacit intellectual tradition  Adequate methodology