2. KIDNEYS

3. KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS KIDNEYS

5. FUNCTIONS Excretion of wastes – –ammonia and urea (breakdown of amino acids), broken down bilirubin (breakdown of hemoglobin), creatinine (breakdown of creatine phosphate in muscles), uric acid (breakdown of nucleic acids) Regulates blood levels of: –Ions (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, chloride) –pH – excrete H+; conserve bicarbonate ions (a buffer of H+ in blood) –Water – maintains blood volume (bp)

6. What is urine? Mostly water wastes NOT FOUND: glucose, proteins, rbc, hemoglobin, wbc, and bile

7. LOCATION Above waist Protected by 11 th and 12 th pair of ribs

8. ANATOMICAL PARTS Renal capsule : outer covering of kidney Renal cortex: superficial Renal medulla: inner region containing renal pyramids: Apex (papilla) face the hilus –Renal column : part of medulla between pyramids

9. More parts minor calyx; major calyces – collect urine from pyramid Renal pelvis – collect urine from calyces Nephrons – filter urine from blood

12. URINE FORMATION Occurs in nephrons: mostly in renal cortex Leaves through collecting ducts

14. 1. Glomerular filtration Water and small solutes from blood Glomerular capsule Due to high bp

16. 2. Tubular reabsorption Returns useful nutrients to blood –Ex: water, glucose, sodium, calcium Both passive and active transport ADH affects cell’s permeability to H20

18. 3. Tubular secretion Brings some substances into the urine that are not already there. –Ex: ammonium ions, hydrogen, some drugs

19. blood supply

24. 1. What is the difference between the renal cortex and the renal medulla?

25. 2. What part of the kidney is the hilus?

26. 3. What part of the kidney collects urine from a medullary pyramid?

27. 4. What is the function of a nephron?

28. 5. Which structure of the urinary system leaves the kidneys with urine?