1. Thesis Topic
Load Frequency Control in Power System

2. Presentation On Load frequency control Single area power system
PID based LFC of single area power system
Simulation of single area power system
Performance Comparison of PID based LFC in single area power system

3. Group Members Md. Minhazul Hasan-121800014 Md. Abdul Ahad-121800018
Sharmin Akther
Mst. Shahnaz Akter

4. Load Frequency Control
Power systems are used to convert natural energy into electric power. It is well known that three-phase alternating current (AC) is generally used to transport the electricity. During the transportation, both the active power balance and the reactive power balance must be maintained between generating and utilizing the AC power. Although the active power and reactive power have combined effects on the frequency and voltage, the control problem of the frequency and voltage can be decoupled. The frequency is highly dependent on the active power while the voltage is highly dependent on the reactive power. Thus the control issue in power systems can be decoupled into two independent problems. One is about the active power and frequency control while the other is about the reactive power and voltage control. The active power and frequency control is referred to as load frequency control (LFC).

5. Single Area Power System
The single area power system consists of single area interconnected power system.It consists of one generator, one governor, and one turbine unit.

6. PID based LFC of single area power system
PID controller has been broadly used for decades as the load frequency controllers. PID controller is simple to implement however, there are fundamental technical limitations in the existing PID framework, including the following:
1) the error computation;
2) noise degradation in the derivative control;
3) over simplification and the loss of performance in the control law in the form of a linear weighted sum; and
4) complications brought by the integral control.

7. Simulation of single area power system
Simulation Software: Matlab Simulink software.
Fig: PID based LFC of single area power system

8. Simulation Wave shape Tie-Line Error:
The transmission lines that connect an area to its neighboring area are called tie- lines. The error of tie lines are called tie line error.

9. Tie-Line Error

10. Simulation Wave shape Cont.
Frequency Error:

11. Simulation Wave shape Cont.
Area Control Error:
A suitable linear combination of frequency and tie line power changes for area, is known as the area control error. Actually ACE is the difference between scheduled and actual electrical generation within a control area on the power grid, taking frequency bias into account.

12. Area Control Error

13. Performance Comparison of PID based LFC in single area power system
Error Type
PID
Tp(p.u.)
Ts(sec.)
ACE
1.42 10
Frequency Error
1.0 8
Tie-line Error
.92 11

14. Thank You