1. -” War to end all wars”-”Make the world safe for democracy” -Fought on 3 continents-6 continents involved in the fighting Causes of World War I

2. Pre-War Europe Outdated social practices and military tactics Alliances Nationalism Imperialism Militarism These 4 ideas dominate Europe Hadol’s cartoon map of Europe

3. Map of Allied and Central Powers ALLIED POWERS Major Powers British Empire (1914–1918) France (1914–1918) Italy (1915–1918) Russia (1914–1917) United States (1917–1918) CENTRAL POWERS Major Powers Austria-Hungary (1914–1918) Germany (1914– 1918) Ottoman Empire/Turkey (1914–1918) United States

4. Germany New independent country (1871) Kaiser Wilhelm II Only a few colonies Imperial aspirations Leading industrial power in Europe by 1900 “Bismarck content as colonial powers scramble”

5. Austria-Hungary Hapsburg Dynasty—an old and dying kingdom Numerous ethnic groups Trouble with Balkan countries (Serbia, Bosnia) Provided the “spark” that led to the Great War Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph

6. Ottoman Empire Declining world power (at one time, largest empire in world) Young Turks want to restore former glory Has military alliance with Germany

7. France A republic Many longed for glory days of Napoleon’s empire Colonial power Sought revenge against Germany Alliance with Russia Napoleon III flanked by two of his ministers

8. United Kingdom Constitutional monarchy 1914: Entered the war to defend Belgium’s neutrality Had the least to gain from a war in Europe Feared German military might “The Rhodes Colossus”

9. Russia Tsar Nicholas II Economy based on serfdom Struggle to industrialize Largest army! Military size worries Germany Russian nobles use serfs in a card game, 1854

10. Italy Constitutional monarchy Victor Emmanuel III, Part of the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary Didn’t fight and Switched sides to join the Allies on April 26th 1915 Mussolini fighting in World War One

11. Events Leading to War June 28: Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated July 23: Austria-Hungary delivers ultimatum to Serbia July 28: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia July 29: Austria-Hungary bombards Belgrade; Kaiser Wilhelm II and Tsar Nicholas II exchange telegrams trying to avoid war July 30: Russia orders full mobilization; France sends troops within six miles of German border July 31: Germany officially asks Austria not to mobilize while unofficially suggesting they do, and moves troops toward France “The lamps are going out all over Europe”

12. Events Leading to War (continued) August 1: France orders full mobilization; Germany orders full mobilization, moves toward Luxembourg; German ambassador sorrowfully delivers declaration of war to Russian foreign minister August 3: France and Germany declare war on each other; British mobilize army and navy August 4: Germany invades Belgium; Great Britain and Belgium declare war on Germany August 6: Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia