1. Kinetic Molecular Theory A Web Quest

2. 0 Objectives: Students will gain a better understanding of the following The definition of the Kinetic Molecular Theory: 0 How the KMT applies to temperature, pressure and volume 0 Applications of the KMT 0 Directions: Check out the links within each titled section, then answer the questions. More importantly, understand the answers to each question. (Let me know if there are any links that do not work.)

3. KMT and Phases 0 Particle Motion of the 3 Phases Particle Motion of the 3 Phases 0 Phases of Water Phases of Water 0 Click on the links above and answer the following Questions: 1. Describe the Motion of the three physical states. 2. What phase has atoms/molecules constantly being next to each other? a) Describe the motion as vibration, or translational. 3. What phase shows atoms/molecules with lots of space between them? Now Go back to the Table of Contents and do letter B.Table of Contents

4. KMT and Solids 0 Motion of Particles in a Solid Motion of Particles in a Solid 0 Steel Bridge Photo Steel Bridge Photo 0 Concrete Bridge Concrete Bridge 0 Bridge Closeup Bridge Closeup 0 Water Issues Water Issues 1. Describe what happens to the motion of the particles in the solid state as the temperature increases. (You can raise the temperature by sliding the bar to the right.) 2. Use this observation to explain why solids expand (get bigger) when heated, and contract (get smaller) when cooled. 3. How does a bridge builder account for this phenomenon? 4. What would happen to a bridge if this was not accounted for? 5. On a really hot day, how might the last photo ("Another Photo") look different? 6. If substance get smaller (more dense) as they get colder, why does water EXPAND when it freezes? 7. What unique property does this give a piece of ice (water's solid state), when it is put in liquid water? 8. Why is this propert unique? 9. What would a solid chunk of wax do if it is thrown in a vat of liquid wax? (Float or Sink?) When you are finished, return to the Table of Contents and Proceed to letter C.Table of Contents

5. KMT and Velocity 0 KMT Velocity KMT Velocity 1. Describe the motion of the LIGHT blue particle. 2. What phase does this animation represent. Explain your answer. 3. What is the graph to the right graphing? 4. Why is it necessary to use the word "average" in the definition of temperature? (Temperature - A measurement of the AVERAGE kinetic energy of a substance.) When you are finished go to the Table of Contents and start Letter D.Table of Contents Letter D.

6. KMT and Gases 0 Gas Applet 1. Don't click on anything unless directed to do so! First, pump the handle ONE full pump. Note how fast the blue gas atoms are moving around. Then, on the menu to the right, choose the "Light Species" under "Gas in Pump", and give one more full pump. The blue spheres represent heavier gas molecules, while the red spheres represent lighter gas molecules. Gas Applet a) What is different about the motion of the lighter molecules (red) verses the heavier molecules (blue)? b) Which has more kinetic energy, a car moving slower, or a car moving faster? c) Temperature is a measurement of what? d) Since both types of gas molecules are in the same container, they have to be at the same temperature. Which means they both have the same average kinetic energy. So, explain why the red spheres are moving faster. 2. To determine how two variables are related, it is necessary to make sure they are the only two things that are changing. Mess around with the animation and learn what things you can adjust. Then determine little experiments that will study the relationships below. Explain how you determined if the following relationships are "direct" or "inverse". a) Pressure and temperature. b) Pressure and volume. c) Pressure and number of particles. d) Temperature and volume. (You will need to adjust the temperature and see what happens to the volume. AND make sure the pressure is a "constant parameter".) e) Number of particles and volume. 3. See if you can change the temperature by adjusting the volume of the box. Describe your results. 4. Explain why a tire pump gets warm when you are filling up a bike tire or a ball. 0 Return to the Table of Contents or Continue to Part E.Table of Contents Part E

7. Pressure and Temperature Relationship 0 The Balloon The Balloon 1. Click on the top of the red column on the thermometer and slide the temperature up a little. What happens to the pressure as the temperature is raised? 2. Continue raising it up and see what happens. Explain why the balloon does what it did. 3. Describe, using the KMT, why a balloon will shrink when it is brought outside into the cold air. 4. Why is it common for tires to need more air in the winter, and have some air let out during the summer. Return to the Table of Contents or Continue to Part F.Table of Contents Part F

8. More KMT and Gases 0 Gas Law Applet Slide the middle slider (mol He) all the way to the right. More green particles should appear. Gas Law Applet 1. Click the "enable tracking" button to help you follow the movement of a single particle. The gas phase is said to have "translational" movement, which is defined as moving in a straight line. Explain how this particle has translational motion, yet appears to be zig zagging around! 2. What is the graph graphing? Why is there a red bar amidst the green bars? What is this supposed to represent? (It may be helpful to reduce the number of particles to figure this out.) 3. Click the "disable tracking" button, then slide the temperature slider right and left. Describe what is happening in the animation as you adjust the temperature. 4. What happens to the pressure (look at the numbers, not the animation) as the temperature increases. Explain why this happens. 5. Now with the temperature somewhere in the middle, slowly increase the volume slider and note what happens to the pressure numbers. What happens to the pressure as the volume increases? 6. Start with a very small volume (as close to a whole number as possible) and record both the volume and the pressure numbers. Then, adjust the volume slider so the volume doubles in size. Again record both the volume and the pressure. Double the volume again and record both again. Keep doing this as many times as you can. 7. Examine your data and describe the simple mathematical relationship between volume and pressure. 8. If the volume of gas is 20 liters and the pressure was 600 mmHg, what would the pressure be if the volume changed to 40 liters? Explain your reasoning. 9. Slide the mol He to the middle, and now slide the mol Ne to the middle as well. Neon (blue) atoms are larger than Helium (green) atoms. Looking at the graph, what can be said about the average velocities of the big blue Neon atoms compared to the little green Helium atoms? 10. If two gases in the same container have to be at the same temperature, and temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles, how could the Neon atoms be moving slower than the Helium atoms? 0 You are Finished!