1. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional Copyright © 2014, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved FOURTH EDITION UNIT Ratio and Proportion 4

2. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Student Learning Outcomes 1.Define ratio and proportion 2.Locate and decipher ratios in common health applications such as drug labels 3.Determine if two ratios are a proportion 4.Simplify ratios and complex ratios

3. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Student Learning Outcomes 5.Apply ratio definitions to express unit rates 6.Solve for x or an unknown in a proportion 7.Apply proportions to nutrition labels

4. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Ratio: Overview Ratio  Shows relationship between two things: items, objects, amounts  Counts and compares items in our daily lives Hours at work vs. hours away from work Number of yogurts eaten vs. number of yogurts in fridge 4-1

5. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Ratio: Overview Proportion  Compares two equal ratios in a mathematical equation  Allows increase or decrease of one part of the ratio in the equation 4-1

6. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Ratio: Format Ratio shows relationship or comparison—three formats  3 : 4 (3 nurses to 4 medical assistants)  (3 nurses to 4 medical assistants)  3 is to 4 (3 nurses to 4 medical assistants) 4-1

7. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Ratio: Format Ratio shows relationship or comparison—three formats 4-1

8. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Ratio: Example Ratios are always reduced to lowest form.  Fraction format represents part-to- whole relationship  Fraction format is useful for reducing  Example: 8 hrs sleep to 24 hr day 4-1

9. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Ratios in Health Care: Drug Labels Drug labels use ratios. Reading the label locates:  Dosage of medication per tablet or per amount of solution milligrams/milliliters (mg/mL) micrograms/milligrams (mcg/mg) mg per tablet (mg/tablet) milligrams in milliliters (mg in mL) 4-2

10. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Ratios in Health Care: Drug Labels Drug labels use ratios. Reading the label locates:  Dosage of medication per tablet or per amount of solution 4-2

11. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Additional Ratios in Health Care Medical loss ratio  Measures costs as % of premium revenues or income Comparison of two items  Used to find the unit rate 4-2

12. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Proportion Proportion  2 or more equivalent ratios or fractions  Terms of the 1st ratio have same relationship to whole as 2nd ratio 4-3

13. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Proportion: Terminology The symbol :: means “is” or =  Example: 4-3

14. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Solving for “x”  Uses the given information; solves for what isn’t given  Uses two steps Set up problem like fractions; cross multiply Divide answer by remaining number Solving for “x” 4-6

15. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Approximate Equivalents 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters1 cup = 8 ounces 1 foot = 12 inches1 pint = 480 mL or 500 mL* 1 yard = 3 feet1 quart = 32 ounces 1 pound = 16 ounces1 qt = 960 mL or 1000 mL* 1 kilogram = 2.2 pounds1 pint = 2 cups 1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons1 fluid ounce = 30 mL 1 quart = 2 pints1 teaspoon = 5 milliliters 1 gallon = 4 quarts1 fluid ounce = 2 tablespoons * Certain fields use rounded measures 4-5

16. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Proportions: Word Problem Example  If 12 eggs cost $1.49, how much do 18 eggs cost? $1.49 × 18 = $26.82 $26.82 ÷ 12 = $2.235 or $2.24 So, 18 eggs cost $2.24. 4-6

17. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister More Complex Problems Problem with decimal numbers  Example: 4-6

18. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Nutritional Applications Solving for the unknown  Example: Carbohydrates4 calories per 1 gram Fats9 calories per 1 gram Proteins4 calories per 1 gram 4-6, 4-7

19. Math Basics for the Health Care Professional, Fourth Edition Michele Benjamin Lesmeister Food Labels Proportion is useful to figure out ingredient amounts.  Proportioning  Increasing  Decreasing 4-7