1. 1. White Lesions Fordyce granules White sponge nevus Leukoedema Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (Candidal leukoplakia) Lichen planus (non-erosive) Frictional hyperkeratosis White lesions associated with smokeless tobacco Leukoplakia Squamous cell carcinoma Hairy leukoplakia Nicotine stomatitis White hairy tongue Verrucous carcinoma Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia

2. Red Lesions Erythroplakia Squamous cell carcinoma Macular hemangioma Petechiae and ecchymoses due to trauma Blood dyscrasias (bleeding) (e.g., leukemias, thrombocytopenia)

3. White and Red Lesions Acute atrophic/acute erythematous candidiasis Chronic atrophic/chronic erythematous candidiasis (denture stomatitis) Lichen planus (erosive) Chronic discoid lupus erythematosus Erythroleukoplakia Squamous cell carcinoma Acute physical injuries (mechanical (cheek biting), chemical (aspirin burn, cinnamon allergy), thermal) Geographic tongue (migratory stomatitis)

4. Pigmented Lesions: Melanotic Diffuse Physiologic Smoker’s Addison’s Peutz-Jeghers Neurofibromatosis Mc-Cune Albright Drug induced (antimalarian) HIV-associated Single Oral melanotic macule Nevi Malignant melanoma

5. Pigmented Lesions: Non-Melanotic Endogeneous Hemosiderin Bilirubin (jaundice) Exogeneous Amalgam tattoo Intentional tattoo Minocyclin Black hairy tongue

6. Ulcerated Lesions Viral infections Recurrent aphthous stomatitis Erythema multiforme Erosive lichen planus Allergic stomatitis Traumatic ulcers (acute, chronic, with stromal eosinophilia) Squamous cell carcinoma Blood discrasias (cyclic neutropenia, agranulocytosis) and other malignancies Anti-neoplastic drugs Auto-immune diseases (pemphigus, pemphigoid)