1. Ecology & the Biosphere Chapter 52

3. Ecology Study of how organisms relate to one another & their environment

4. Fig. 52-5 Kangaroos/km 2 0–0.1 0.1–1 1–5 5–10 10–20 > 20 Limits of distribution

5. Fig. 52-9

6. Ecology Organism (behavioral ecology) Population (several individuals of same species) Community (different species that live in a particular area) Ecosystem (abiotic factors & all the species that live in that area) Biosphere (all the living communities on earth-global ecosystem)

7. Environment Abiotic factors (nonliving): Temperature Water Sunlight Soil /rocks Climate

8. Environment Climate Bodies of water Variation of sunlight Seasons Precipitation Wind Mountains Long term climate change

9. Biomes Major terrestrial or aquatic life zones Defined by regional variation of climate

10. Aquatic Biomes Largest part of the biosphere Photic zone (sunlight) Aphotic zone (little light) Benthic zone (bottom) Detritus (decaying matter) Turnover (circulates oxygen)

11. Aquatic Biomes Lakes Wetlands Streams and rivers Estuaries Intertidal zones Oceanic pelagic zone Coral reefs Marine benthic zone

12. Lakes

13. Wetlands +/- water

14. Streams and rivers

15. Estuaries Transition between river and sea

16. Intertidal zones Tides 2x a day

17. Oceanic pelagic zone Open bodies of ocean

18. Coral reefs

19. Marine benthic zone Bottom of ocean Minimal sun

20. Terrestrial Biomes Tropical rain forest Savanna Desert Chaparral Temperate grasslands Temperate deciduous forest Temperate evergreen forest Tundra

21. Tropical rain forests Large amounts of rain per year Richest ecosystem Contains ½ of the world’s species SA,Africa, & southeast Asia

23. Savanna Open, few trees Seasonal rains (75-125 cm/yr) Africa Lions, elephants

24. Desert Interior of continents Dry, less than 25 cm/yr rainfall

25. Chaparral Coastal regions Wet winters

26. Temperate grasslands Prairies, grasslands Herds of grazing mammals Not as abundant

27. Temperate Deciduous forest Deciduous: hardwoods Warm summers, cool winters NE US, Canada,

28. Temperate evergreen forest Cold winters Long dry seasons Western US

29. Tundra Grassland few trees Little rain/snow Deer, elk, moose Permafrost