1. Aim: How do we read Topographic Maps? Do Now: In your notes, list all the different types of landforms/features of Earth that you can think of. Example: Hills

2. 1) Topography: The shape of the land. K2, Pakistan Napa Valley, California Grand Canyon, Arizona I. Vocabulary

3. 2) Topographic Maps: Represent the shape of the land on a flat piece of paper.

4. Isolines represent different elevations on a topographic map. Each isoline connects values that are equal. “iso” means equal m m m m m

5. 3) Altitude The height above sea-level or above a specific point on a map. What value is sea-level? Get the Altitude worksheet from the back of the room. You and your partner should work on this worksheet together. We will go over it in 10-15 min.

6. a) Index Contour Lines: darker lines that are labeled with their elevation. Index contour lines II. Parts of Topographic maps: Using the index contour lines, determine the value of the lines in between.

7. b) Contour Interval: The measurement that separates each contour line. They are a vertical measurement.

8. c) Hachure marks: refer to a drop in elevation. Indicates a depression in the ground. d) Bench mark : shows the exact elevation at that point. Copy diagram into notes

9. Closer contour lines = steep slopes. Further contour lines = gradual slopes. e) Gradient Refers to the steepness of the land (slope) Which side of the hill is the steepest? WHY? N

10. upstream downstream When a river or stream crosses a contour line, the contour line bends and points upstream. F) River and Streams Upstream is where the river starts. Downstream is where the river ends.

11. G) The highest possible point on a contour map will always be one unit less than the next possible contour line. Contour Interval = 10 m X 10 m What is the highest possible value of X?

12. Closure Obtain the worksheet called “Reading a Topographic Map” from the back table and complete the worksheet. We will go over it when finished.