1. Class #37: Monday, November 301 Human influences on climate (continued)

2. Review for test #4 Chapter 13, pages 373-407, the entire chapter Chapter 14, pages 411-438, the entire chapter Chapter 15, pages 441-465, the entire chapter Class #37: Monday, November 302

3. Primary air pollutants Emitted directly by sources Carbon monoxide, a gas, incomplete combustion, can cause death in small concentrations, emitted by vehicles and defective heating devices Lead, a particulate, brain damage, in some paints and treated gasoline, outlawed now Class #37: Monday, November 303

4. More primary air pollutants Oxides of sulfur, sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide, respiratory irritant, emitted in burning fossil fuels containing sulfur Oxides of nitrogen, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, pulmonary problems, emitted by high-temperature combustion of fossil fuels in transportation and electric energy generation Class #37: Monday, November 304

5. More primary air pollutants Hydrocarbons, also called volatile organic compounds, or VOCs –Some are carcinogens –Are made up of hydrogen and carbon –Emitted by motor vehicles, dry cleaning Particulates, small particles –Smallest are most dangerous to lungs Class #37: Monday, November 305

6. Secondary air pollutants Are produced in chemical reactions with primary air pollutants Present harder-to-solve problems than primary air pollutants Include acid deposition and photochemical oxidants (smog)/ozone Class #37: Monday, November 306

7. Acid deposition Can be acid rain, snow, fog, dew, or dry Formed when oxides of nitrogen and sulfur combine with water vapor or liquid water to produce nitric acid and sulfuric acid In water, allows toxic heavy metals to leach out and contaminate drinking water Damage to structures, make lakes toxic Class #37: Monday, November 307

8. Fig. 15-4, p. 445 8Class #37: Monday, November 30

9. pH level of rain in 2001 Fig. 15-5, p. 446 9Class #37: Monday, November 30

10. Photochemical oxidants/smog/ozone Irritates eyes, nose, throat; causes coughing chest pain, and shortness of breath, aggravates asthma and bronchitis Forms when sunlight acts on a combination of hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, and oxygen Ozone is the main component, with PAN and formaldehyde Class #37: Monday, November 3010

11. Table 15-1, p. 445 11Class #37: Monday, November 30

12. Table 15-2, p. 445 12Class #37: Monday, November 30

13. Fig. 15-7, p. 448 13Class #37: Monday, November 30

14. Fig. 15-6, p. 447 14Class #37: Monday, November 30

15. Fig. 15-8, p. 449 15Class #37: Monday, November 30

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32. Fig. 15-1, p. 442 32Class #37: Monday, November 30

33. Fig. 15-22, p. 465 33Class #37: Monday, November 30