1. Higher Close Reading: Analysis

2. Imagery

3. Analysis Questions: Imagery The Imagery Question You will be asked to identify and discuss images.

4. Analysis Questions: Imagery The Imagery Question You should quote the words that create the image.

5. Analysis Questions: Imagery The Imagery Question Explain what picture the words give you.

6. Analysis Questions: Imagery The Imagery Question Analyse the effect of the image.

7. Analysis Questions: Imagery The Imagery Question You should try to explain why the writer created the image.

8. Analysis Questions: Imagery What is an image? An image is “a picture that the writer tries to create through words”. As readers we try to see what the image is. The picture is formed inside your head.

9. Analysis Questions: Imagery How is the image created? The writer uses words and figures of speech to create the image. Images are created because we associate ideas with particular words. The writer could use comparisons (similes, metaphors) to create an image.

10. Analysis Questions: Imagery Do I have to quote in my answer? Yes. You will be asked to pick out (quote) the words that create the image. It is very difficult to analyse an image without quoting the words that create the image.

11. Analysis Questions: Imagery How do I analyse the image? You should analyse the associations/connotations of the words you have chosen.

12. Analysis Questions: Imagery What if the image “in my head” seems ridiculous? You have to say what image is created based on the words used by the writer. Say what picture you get and explain how you interpreted the words.

13. Analysis Questions: Imagery How does imagery help the writer to explain his ideas? You must try to explain the effect of the image also. Try to explain why the writer has used the image. The image could be very positive or very negative, for example.

14. Analysis Questions: Imagery Some examples of imagery: 1. The girl’s eyes were glued to the television watching the actress. What is the key word or words? What do you associate with this word? What image does the word give you? What is the effect of the image?

15. Analysis Questions: Imagery Some examples of imagery: 2. The actress lashed out at the nearest reporter, as she erupted in fury at the offensive questioning. What is the key word or words? What do you associate with this word? What image does the word give you? What is the effect of the image?

16. Analysis Questions: Imagery Some examples of imagery: 3. The camera shutters exploded like machine gun fire. What is the key word or words? What do you associate with this word? What image does the word give you? What is the effect of the image?

17. Analysis Questions: Imagery Typical examination question on imagery. Question 3 (c) 2006 How effective do you find the imagery of lines 27-34 in illustrating the writer’s line of thought ? (You must refer to two examples in your answer.)

18. Analysis Questions: Imagery In this type of question you will be asked to explain the image/ metaphor. Try to identify or pick out the “key words” that create the image. Remember to quote and explain the words used to create the image/metaphor and explain the “picture” created.

19. Analysis Questions: Imagery Look at the “word groups” that may help you. Try to use the phrase “ an image of ….. is created” Try to define the image ; religious image, image of destruction, image of ruthlessness, image of war, image of water etc. What words helped to create the image? Finally think about the effect of the image/metaphor on the reader: to shock, persuade, arouse your anger, hatred, etc.

20. Analysis Questions: Imagery How does a writer create an image? Metaphoric Language Metaphoric language is used by writers to express ideas. Writers use figures of speech – ways of describing something. Writers use metaphors, similes, personification, oxymoron, onomatopoeia, imagery,

21. Analysis Questions: Imagery Try to read as much as possible to develop your knowledge of metaphoric language. Writers choose their words carefully for effect. Think about why the writer chose particular words or groups of words.

22. Analysis Questions: Imagery Methods of Answering Imagery Questions: Identify the image ? Use the phrase: “An image of…

23. Analysis Questions: Imagery Pick out the words which create the image >Quote

24. Analysis Questions: Imagery Analyse the associations/ connotations of the words.

25. Analysis Questions: Imagery Identify the technique used to create the image. simile/ metaphor/ extended metaphor/ oxymoron/ personification/ onomatopoeia contrast/comparison, etc.

26. Analysis Questions: Imagery Analyse the literal meaning of the words – use the phrase “just as…so..”. e.g. The writer uses the word “rocketed” metaphorically. “Just as a fireworks shoots up into the sky so oil prices have risen sharply” etc.

27. Analysis Questions: Imagery Explain how the image helps to present the writer’s ideas viewpoint.

28. Analysis Questions: Imagery Imagery Examples Example 1 “Oil prices have rocketed in recent years. The industry has made colossal profits reaching a peak in the aftermath of the war. Vast deposits of oil still lie untapped and experts have predicted an explosion in prices with the unveiling of new oil fields.” 1a) Write down four words that creates an image from the example above. 1b) What do you associate with each word? 1c) What image does each word give you?

29. Analysis Questions: Imagery Example 2 “The house-builders and planners have bulldozed the landscape and scythed down the “greenbelt”. Slicing through historic towns, bypasses and new unnecessary roads scar the countryside and damage our environment – damage which could take generations to heal.” 2a) Pick out the words that create an image in this example. 2b) What do the words have in common? 2c) Explain why the writer chose words that contained a similar idea? Analyse the purpose of each word separately.

30. Analysis Questions: Imagery Example 3 “Isolated and withdrawn, he needed his daily fix. He was drawn to it –compelled by the demons that controlled him. He was addicted to the flashing lights of the machine and he fed his habit with coin after coin, oblivious to the world around him.” 3a) What image has been used in this example? 3b) What words create the image? 3c) Why did the writer choose these words?