1. Anthony Garzon Eryn Richardson Paul Quarles Blake Vaughn

2. Constants and Design Constraints  Maximum design velocity: 120 ft/s  g – acceleration of Earth’s gravity  1g = 32.2 ft/s 2  Maximum g force – 3g’s or 96.6 ft/s 2

4. Car Design Take Shape of SR-71 Black Bird Supersonic Aircraft Dimensions of SR-71 were scaled down to fit a 4 ft. track width Dimensions of SR-71 were scaled down to fit a 4 ft. track width Height: 4.33 ft. Height: 4.33 ft. Width: 4 ft. Width: 4 ft. Car Length 8ft. Car Length 8ft. Frontal Surface Area used for Drag Calculations: 17.33 ft2 Frontal Surface Area used for Drag Calculations: 17.33 ft2

5. Vehicle Design  Accordion joints – ascetic appeal  Total allowable passenger weight 6000 lbs  Total vehicle weight 10,200 lbs  Diametrically opposed Blackbirds

6. Track Design  Housing Dimensions will be approximately 50x10 square feet  Track width: 4 ft. Total track length: 2013.625 ft  Braking track will run between 2 main rails, a friction brake will be employed in tandem with halting power toward forward motion.

7. Starting Distance Distance based on a maximum acceleration of 3g’s or 96.6 ft/s2Distance based on a maximum acceleration of 3g’s or 96.6 ft/s2 A maximum velocity of 120 ft/s wanted to be reached over this section of trackA maximum velocity of 120 ft/s wanted to be reached over this section of track The distance calculated was 74.5 ft. using the following equation:The distance calculated was 74.5 ft. using the following equation: d start

8. Drag Force Calculation D = Drag (95.83 lbs) = rho (0.00237 slugs/ft 3 ) V AVG = Average Velocity (96.6 ft/s) S = Surface Area (17.33 ft 2 ) =drag coefficient (0.5)

9. Friction Force  Coefficient of Friction: 0.03  F=Force of Friction  W=Weight  N=Normal Force  W-N=0  W=N  W=mg    F = 126 lbs W N F

10. Loop Design  Keep Normal Acceleration Approximately 3’g   -need to find R 298.1 ft

11. Max Acceleration  Max acceleration will occur in start of loop where the velocity is a maximum.  The max g force is a function of normal and tangential accelerations.  The max g force experienced in the ride was found to be 3.02 g’s or 97.24 ft/s 2 `

12. Work-Energy Methods  Work-Energy methods were used to calculate parameters throughout the track.  General Equation  Work-Energy Equation when Applied to the Roller Coaster Problem

13. Force to Accelerate Vehicle to 120 ft/s over 74.5 ft  Work-Energy Equation  Starting Force: 30,820 lbs 74.5 ft d start

14. Loop Calculations  To insure that we made it through the loop, we used Work-Energy Methods to calculate the vehicles velocity of the top of the loop.  Minimum Loop Velocity: 64.36 ft/s  Loop Exit Velocity: 114.40 ft/s `

15. Straight Away A 150 ft. section of track added before incline This section of track adds time to the ride making it more exciting This section of track adds time to the ride making it more exciting Exit Velocity of Straight Section: 113.48 ft/sExit Velocity of Straight Section: 113.48 ft/s 150 ft

16. Incline One  Incline Design Height is 223.6 ft  The Max Height was found using a velocity of 120 ft/s for safety and a load of 2g’s on the body.  Height Coaster <Height Incline  Again using WE methods, the max height of the coaster was found to be 192.33 ft

17. Reverse Calculations Calculating vehicle characteristics in reverse uses the same method as forward Reverse Loop Exit Velocity: 103.31 ft/s Reverse Loop Exit Velocity: 103.31 ft/s Max Height of Incline Two: 158.16 ft Max Height of Incline Two: 158.16 ft Incline Two Exit Velocity: 99.16 ft/s Incline Two Exit Velocity: 99.16 ft/s

18. Braking Section  Vehicle must come to rest from 99.16 ft/s over a 150 ft section of track  Total Braking Force: 10,160 lbs 150 ft d brake

19. Results and Conclusions  Design Constraints –Max g Loading: 3g’s –Max Velocity: 120 ft/s  Dynamics, Aerodynamics, and Work-Energy Methods were used to calculate all parameters of the roller coaster.  The Blackbird will be an exciting ride pushing the human body to 3g’s while obtaining altitudes close to 300 ft.