1. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING BASICS

2. Do His Ears Hang Low? A Case Study in Classical Conditioning  Subject: Shorty Stanley Williamson  Background: Shorty loves to lie upstairs on the bed with people. He often falls asleep. He prefers the bed to being downstairs alone. He’s very short, so he can’t get up or down from the bed by himself.

3. Do His Ears Hang Low? A Case Study in Classical Conditioning  More Background: When Shorty can no longer be supervised, because the people all want to go downstairs, I pick him up and carry him downstairs while singing a song to him called, “Do Your Ears Hang Low?”  Fact: Initially, when Shorty is sleeping and I apply pressure under his ribs, as if to pick him up, he wakes up and growls.  Fact: After conditioning with the song, I begin to sing “Do Your Ears Hang Low?” to the sleeping beast. He wakes up and growls. If I put pressure under his ribs while doing this, the growling intensifies.  Group Question Minute: Define the following components in this case study: UCS: UCR: CS: CR:

4. [Packet] Vocabulary Classical Conditioning pgs. 220-229. You will be accountable for this vocab. by the end of the day’s presentation.  Neutral Stimulus: a stimulus that is not yet associated with a response  Unconditioned stimulus (UCS):  Unconditioned response (UCR):  Trial:  Conditioned stimulus (CS):  Conditioned Response (CR):  Taste aversions: pg. 244  Phobias:  Extinction:  Spontaneous recovery:

5. What Happened to Carla?  Group Question Minute: A woman named Carla walks down the personal hygiene aisle of a store. As she walks by the aftershave, she panics and begins to run. Hypothesize the reason for the panic.

6. Step 1: Select a stimulus Definition of Terms  Neutral Stimulus: a stimulus that is not yet associated with a response Carla’s Case  Neutral Stimulus: odor of dentist’s after shave lotion before the procedure.

7. Step 2: Establish Classical Conditioning  Trial: let neutral stimulus occur first, then follow it with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). For Carla :  Neutral stimulus was smelling dentist’s aftershave before the procedure.  After Carla experienced the dental procedure (UCS), she reacted by feeling pain and anxiety (UCR).  Did anyone have to “teach” Carla to react to dental work by feeling pain and anxiety?  No! That’s why everything starts with “unconditioned.”  Unconditioned stimulus (UCS): dental procedure  Unconditioned response (UCR): Pain and Carla’s resulting feeling of anxiety

8. Step 2: Establish Classical Conditioning Definition of Terms  Conditioned stimulus (CS): a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response  Conditioned Response (CR): a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning Carla’s Case  Conditioned stimulus (CS): Carla smelled boyfriend’s aftershave (same as dentist) and she felt anxious. Neutral stimulus has become the Conditioned Stimulus.  Conditioned Response (CR): whenever Carla smells THAT aftershave, she become anxious.

9. Step 3: Test for Conditioning  A test for classical conditioning is to observe whether the neutral stimulus, when presented alone, elicits the conditioned response

10. Classical Conditioning Copy this down Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Unconditioned Response (UCR) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Conditioned Response (CR) Natural Relationship Unnatural Relationship Learned Relationship Ex. Dental procedure Ex. Pain and anxiety Ex. Dentist’s aftershave Ex. Anxiety

11. A History of Classical Conditioning  Ivan Pavlov: Russian physiologist who did Nobel prize- winning research on digestion. Discovered classical conditioning by accident in 1900.  The Breakthrough: Dogs began salivating when they heard the “click” of the meat powder machine.  UCS=Meat powder  UCR=Salivation  CS= “click”  CR= Salivation  Group Question Minute: Can you think of examples of classical conditioning in your own life?

13. Conditioning as Therapy  Mental health workers help people break bad habits and thought cycles through helping them form and re-form associations.  Stella the Dog is the subject of this study. (see videos).  Identify the following in this conditioning experiment  UCS:  UCR:  CS:  CR:

14. Classical Conditioning and Us  Taste aversions  Phobias http://phobialist.com/ http://phobialist.com/  Advertisements  Animal training  Home habits  Attraction  Unexpected emotional moments  Favorite activities

15. Other Classical Conditioning Concepts  Generalization: when a stimulus is similar to the original CS elicits the response to the actual CS.  EXAMPLE: Little Albert was conditioned to fear rats. Soon, he also feared a rabbit, a dog, a fur coat, a Santa Clause mask, and Watson’s hair.

16.  Discrimination: when an organism learns to make a particular response to a very specific stimuli, even though it may be similar to another stimuli  EXAMPLE: We react differently to loud annoying screeching noises. Baby crying vs. Police sirens

17.  Extinction: CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS and the CS tends to no longer elicit the CR  EXAMPLE: Fear of needles? Watch some video of qualified nurses using needles and the fear will decrease. Unpair the CS (needles) with CR (fear and anxiety)

18.  Spontaneous Recovery: when the CR reappears after being extinguished even though there is no explanation why.  EXAMPLE: A recovering alcoholic of 25 years suddenly craves a drink.

19. (Spiral) Classical Conditioning Synthesis Activity 1.Complete Concept Check 6.1 on pg. 225 (see pgs. 222-223 for help) 2.Classical Conditioning Experience (subtitle): Write a descriptive, narrative paragraph (10 sentences) on one of the following topics as it relates to classical conditioning. (1) Food Aversion, (2) Triggered memory, (3) Conditioned fear or Phobia Please be sure to give background on the experience, identify stimuli and responses (UCS, UCR, CS,CR). You may bring in visuals for next time and present your first- hand experience for extra credit. 3.Reflection (subtitle): Add a small R.A.C.E. reflection paragraph answering this question: Is it right or wrong for scientists, advertisers, family members, friends to condition you to elicit certain responses? Why or why not? Use specific examples for “C.”