1. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 1 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Chapter Seven: Interest Groups

2. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 2 Put the following events in order: 1.Form a campaign organization 2.Run in primaries 3.Participate in televised debates 4.Announce candidacy 5.Conduct electoral vote 6.Attend national convention 7.Raise funds 8.Build a coalition of supporters 9.Develop a campaign strategy

3. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 3 1.Announce Candidacy 2.Form a Campaign Organization 3.Raise Funds 4.Develop a campaign strategy 5.Run in Primaries 6.Attend National Convention 7.Build a Coalition of Supporters 8.Participate in Televised Debates 9.Conduct Electoral Vote

4. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 4 1.Summarize the information found 1.What issue do you support? 2.What is your mission/goal? 3.What is your position on the issue? 2.What types of candidates are you looking for? 3.Create a Slogan 4.Create a Website/Poster

5. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 5 1.Describe the basic characteristics of interest groups, and provide three major reasons why Americans join them. 2.List the major types of interest groups, especially those with economic motivations. 3.Evaluate the factors that make some interest groups especially effective. 4.Discuss direct and indirect interest group techniques. 5.Describe the main ways in which lobbyists are regulated.

6. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 6 A particular goal or set of goals that unites the members of a group.

7. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 7

8. 8 A way for Americans to participate in the political process. Help people become informed

9. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 9

10. 10 Interest groups influence government is by contributing money to political parties and candidates during election campaigns.

11. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 11

12. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 12

13. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 13 Interest Groups: A Natural Phenomenon Interest Groups and Social Movements These women wanted the right to vote in 1900. Did they have many supporters then?

14. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 14 Lobbyists hold a lunch meeting in Washington, D.C. Why does lobbying have constitutional protection? Linda Davidson/The Washington Post via Getty Images

15. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 15 Why Do Americans Join Interest Groups? Solidary incentives Material incentives Purposive incentives

16. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 16 Economic Interest Groups Business interest groups Agricultural interest groups Labor interest groups Labor’s decline Public employee unions The political environment faced by labor

17. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 17 This twenty-four-year-old Pennsylvania dairy farmer has a Penn State degree in agriculture. He has taken over the farm from his father, who died two years ago. Why is it hard to become a farmer if you were not raised in a farm family? AP Photo, Erie Times-News, Greg Wohlford

18. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 18 Economic Interest Groups (cont.) Interest groups of professionals Ex. American Bar Association The unorganized poor

19. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 19 These writers are members of the Writers Guild of America in Hollywood, California. If you were to classify this interest group, what kind would it be? © Charley Galley/Getty Images

20. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 20 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.

21. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 21 Reverend Tony Minor is a lobbyist for Lutheran Metropolitan Ministries in Ohio and pastor of a Cleveland church. Many religious lobbyists are more interested in advocating for the poor than in issues such as same-sex marriage. Why might this be so? Lynn Ischay/The Plain Dealer/Landov

22. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 22 Environmental Groups Today’s environmental groups Global warming

23. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 23 A Consumers Union (CU) technician tests the effects of shampoo samples on hair. How important are CU’s recommendations? Yvonne Hernsey/Getty Images

24. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 24 Public-Interest Groups The consumer movement Ralph Nader Other public-interest groups

25. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 25 Other Interest Groups Ideological groups Ex. Americans for Democratic Action Identity groups Ex. NAACP Foreign Interest Groups

26. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 26 Grover Norquist of Americans for Tax Reform displays a pledge against tax increases that most Republicans in Congress have signed. The mask is of Guy Fawkes, who tried to blow up the English Parliament in 1605. Was Fawkes a terrorist? Bill O'Leary/The Washington Post via Getty Images

27. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 27 What Makes an Interest Group Powerful? Size and resources Leadership Cohesiveness INFLUENCE Public Policy Change Laws

28. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 28 President Obama shakes hands with leaders of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee after a speech. What influence do interest groups have on presidents/political campaigns? Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

29. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 29 Interest Groups and Representative Democracy Interest groups: elitist or pluralist? Interest group influence Concentrated benefits, dispersed costs

30. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 30 James Brady was shot and disabled during an attempt to assassinate President Ronald Reagan in 1981. He and his wife, Sarah, were activists against gun violence. What interest group might oppose the Bradys’ attempts to win gun control legislation? AP Photo/Kenneth Lambert

31. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 31 Interest Groups and the Political Parties Interest groups and party coalitions Nonpartisan interest groups

32. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 32 Direct Techniques Lobbying techniques Common activities The ratings game Building alliances Campaign assistance Citizens United v. FEC

33. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 33 AP Photo/Atlanta Journal-Constitution/Jason Getz Georgia governor Nathan Deal (on the left) meets with a lobbyist during a session of that state’s legislature. Why would he willingly be photographed with lobbyists?

34. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 34 Litigation Used when they lack influence over legislation Success establishes firm precedent Campaign Contributions Financial resource Groups that need access Buy candidate loyalty/support Grassroots Lobbying Popular support but lack funds

35. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 35 Nicholas Kamm/AFP/Getty Images Members of the NAACP oppose a Supreme Court ruling that struck down part of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. How effective are demonstrations?

36. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 36 The Results of the 1946 Act The Reforms of 1995 Lobbying Scandals and the Reforms of 2007 Honest Leadership and Open Government Act Recent Developments

37. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 37 Click picture to view video

38. Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 38 1.What specific interest groups are represented by the protestors? 2.Should states meet pension commitments for public employees, even if they must borrow from other programs? 3.When are public demonstrations a successful strategy?