2. http://www.ky51.cn 第三阶段 十八、如何给文章润色 写好句子 1. 熟悉并掌握形成完整句子的基本框架结构。单词、 语法是学习、 掌握和运用语言的基础, 然而只 靠它们拼凑句子是远远不够的, 耗时费力不说, 拼凑出 来的也多是汉语式的英语, 很不地道。因此, 考生平时 必须牢记所学过的 “ 固定搭配 ” 及 “ 词组句型 ”, 并会活用。 2. 一个句子一个重心, 句意清楚, 合乎逻辑。 3. 句子开头首字母要大写, 句末要使用正确的英语标 点符号。

3. http://www.ky51.cn 连接词的运用 1. 熟悉并掌握表示并列、递进、转折等关系的过渡词 (transitional words) 。 并列： and, as well as, also... 递进： besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more... 转折： but, yet, however, although, otherwise, in spite of, despite, instead of... 顺序： while, when, soon after, before, afterward, finally, first, then, next, as soon as... 对比： like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand... 总结： in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking... 具体： in other words, that is to say, for example, for instance, such as... 因果： as a result, so, thus, therefore...

4. http://www.ky51.cn 2. 时间 一 …… 就 …… ： the moment/on doing/as soon as/immediately/directly 不久： it was not long before..., after a while, soon 然后： after that, then, so, next 同时： at the same time, meanwhile 3. 条件 if, as long as, so long as, on condition that, unless 4. 强调 It was...that/who..., So she did..., I do hope...she did help me. It really worked., besides, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, certainly, actually, in fact

5. http://www.ky51.cn 5. 其他 不得不做某事： have to do sth., have no choice but to do sth., have nothing to do but do sth. 有必要做某事： There is no need(for sb.) to do sth., it is necessary (for sb.) to do... 最好做某事： you’d better do sth., it’s better to do sth. 做某事没困难： have no difficulty in doing sth., have no trouble in doing sth. 感谢某人： thank sb., be thankful to sb., express one’s thanks to sb., be grateful to sb., thanks to... 求助某人： turn to sb. for help/ask sb. for help, with the help of, with one’s help 惊奇： to one’s surprise, in surprise, surprisingly, only + 不定式 ( 表意外 结果 ) 结果： as a result, therefore, thus, to 总结： in a word, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, in all, altogether, as is known to all 表达观点： in my opinion, I think, I believe, I’m sure, I guess 原因如下 ( 很多 ) ： The reasons are as follows., Here are many reasons for it. 浪费金钱 ( 时间 ) ： it’s a waste of money, time...

6. http://www.ky51.cn 即时练习 请在下列句子中填上恰当的关联词或意思有联系的短语。 1. Li Ming was walking in the street he heard someone cry for help. 2. He advised that I hire a car I could travel around in the west. 3. It was not long the police came. 4. he heard the cry for help, he jumped into the water to save the girl. 5. Do you agree with my arrangement?, do write to me soon. 6. We can go downtown and do some shopping., we can pay a visit to some places of interest. 7. I shared the cost of the gas with my friends., I saved $80. suddenly/when so/that before The moment If so After that In other words

7. http://www.ky51.cn 1. 学校生活及学习成绩 work hard at... put one’s heart into... be interested in... be fond of like chemistry best be tired of... be good at... be poor at... do well in... be weak in... make progress in... improve oneself in... fail in... pass the examination give sb. a passing grade get a doctor’s degree 常用句型及短语

8. http://www.ky51.cn learn about succeed in... be active in class (work) take an active part in... learn...by heart work out a (maths) question get 90 marks for (English) get an “A” in the exam have a good command of... lay a good foundation in (language study) the first/top three winners I’m getting on well with one’s study take several courses at school have English (Chinese, Physics...)every (other) day He has the best record in school. (English is/sounds) more interesting to sb. won the first prize/got the first place in the competition

9. http://www.ky51.cn 2. 师生关系 get on well with sb. like to be with students be gentle with us be kind to sb. be a strict teacher be strict with one’s pupils be strict in work be satisfied with... We think of him (her) as... help sb. with sth. praise sb. for sth... blame sb. for sth.. give advice on... question sb. on... give sb. a lot of work teach sb. sth. try to teach sb. good study habits teach sb. to do sth. devote all one’s time to work make one’s lessons lively and interesting Admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education correct the students homework carefully and prepare for the next day

10. http://www.ky51.cn 3. 课余活动及周末生活 enjoy doing things by oneself go swimming go for an outing/a picnic see the sights of Beijing have a swim play the piano (violin) play chess (basketball) go to the cinema have a party have a picnic over the weekend have dances on weekend should a sports meeting do some reading

11. http://www.ky51.cn help sb. do sth. enjoy a family trip get everything ready for ride one’s bike with sb. to (the park) have a wonderful time There are a lot of activities at (the beach)... She would like to bring sth. to the picnic. We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city Enjoy myself/ourselves have an outing at (the seashore) There are good programmes on TV on weekends. spend one’s time in many different ways It was a very relaxing Sunday.

12. http://www.ky51.cn 4. 彼此沟通信息 take a message for sb. send a message to sb. hear from sb. talk about/of sth. tell/ask sb.to do sth. get information about... express one’s idea (feelings) in English write sb. a letter saying... apologize to sb. for... make a speech at the meeting thank you for... explain sth. to sb. look upon sb. as... think of sb. to be... take sb.’s side

13. http://www.ky51.cn 5. 事件中人的态度 would like to do allow sb. to do force sb. to do call on sb. to do feel like doing insist on doing drive sb. off speak highly of sb. speak ill of sb. think highly of sb. be afraid to do (be afraid of...)offer to do refuse to do agree to do prefer to do A rather than do B had better do/ not do regret doing would rather (not) do keep sb. from doing prevent/stop sb. (from) doing

14. http://www.ky51.cn 6. 事情过程 have the habit of doing... have no trouble doing make up one’s mind to do prepare sb./oneself for... give up doing... do sth. as usual sb. is prepared for/to do do what he wants us to do set about doing;/set out to do try/do one’s best to do...(=go all out to do) get into trouble help sb. out do one’s bit for one’s country do some good deeds to people wait for sb. to do find a way to do make friends with sb. Show (tell) sb. how to do... Take (send) sb. to... pass the time doing feel a little excited about doing... can’t help doing... be prepared for more hard work Some are (doing sth. A), others are (doing sth. B), and still others are doing (sth. C).

15. http://www.ky51.cn 7. 感观活动与思维活动 look around for... look up (down) at... catch sight of... take a look at... hear sb. do (doing) take notice of... take view of... have a good understanding of... consider sb. (sth.) to be... come to know... realize that... know that + 从句 welcome/welcomed sb. at/in front of the gate Everyone is welcome to attend the lecture/activity.

16. http://www.ky51.cn 8. 情感与欲望 be pleased with... be delighted in doing... take a pleasure in doing be worried about feel surprised at... be sorry for... be angry with sb. for sth. be angry about... look forward to doing...wish to do expect to do long for (long to do) be sick for one’s home have a strong desire to do...

17. http://www.ky51.cn 9. 健康状况及治疗 be in good shape be in good poor health feel weak/well/terrible/sick have got a high/slight/fever have a slight/bad/cold take one’s temperature have got a pain in... be good/bad for one’s health/eyes It’s nothing serious. stay in bed until... save one’s life

18. http://www.ky51.cn 10. 其他 It (take) sb. some time to do... It is said that... be fit for be short of be well dressed miss the lecture (train) change...into... waste/spend time doing be busy doing have no choice but to do I can’t help it.

19. http://www.ky51.cn be in need of... be mistaken about... fall behind... catch up with take sth. by mistake have trouble (in) doing sth. on behalf of instead of be welcome to do... say goodbye to sb. see sb. off Running, biking and swimming are popular in summer. Skiing and skating are my favorite winter sports.

20. http://www.ky51.cn 句式要有变化 1. 并列句 （ 1)I turned on the TV. I watched it. ＊ I turned on the TV and watched it. （ 2)He was tired. He went to bed. ＊ He was tired, so he went to bed. (3)The child hid behind his mother’s skirt. He was afraid of the dog. ＊ The child hid behind his mother’s skirt, for he was afraid of the dog. （ 4)He made a promise. He didn’t keep it. ＊ He made a promise, but he didn’t keep it. 2. 复合句 I still remember the day. I first came to Beijing on that day. when) ＊ I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

21. http://www.ky51.cn 3. 感叹句 (1)How happy I was when I received your letter ！ (2)What a kind boy he is! (3)How disappointed he was! 4. 强调句 (1)It was this young boy that helped the old granny. (2)It was not until I grow up that I realized the mistake ． 5. 倒装句 (1)Only in this way can you solve this problem. (2)There comes the police car. (3)Hardly had they got to the station when they met the young man.

22. http://www.ky51.cn 6. 省略句 They read while walking or riding on a bus. 7.with 短语 I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with a handbag in her hand. 8. 定语从句 In my opinion, cyber cafés should be a place where we can find much useful information. 9. 各种名词性从句 That’s what I should do.

23. http://www.ky51.cn 10. 各种状语从句 ＊ As soon as Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport, they were warmly welcomed. ＊ On arriving at the airport, Lien Chan and his wife... ＊ Lien Chan and his wife were warmly welcomed directly/the moment they arrived at the airport. ＊ No sooner had Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport than they were... ＊ Hardly had Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport when they were...

24. http://www.ky51.cn 其他注意事项 1. 明确表达文章主题, 内容要点全面, 不要节外生枝。 (1) 要点安排得当, 使之文通字顺, 合乎逻辑, 层次清晰。 (2) 注意养成写完后自我检查的习惯, 应重点检查： ①要点有无遗 漏；②句法、词法有没有问题；③单词拼写有无错误； ④大 小写、标点符号有无问题；⑤字数是否在题目要求范围之内 。 2. 应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性。值得注意的是语法结构或 词汇方面虽有些许错误, 但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级 词汇所致 ; 具备较强的语言运用能力。 3. 常见的不足 (1) 汉语式英语； (2) 无过渡语； (3) 句式单一, 平铺直叙；

25. http://www.ky51.cn 实例剖析 请根据下述情况写一篇 80 ～ 120 个单词的英语新闻。 广播稿, 准备在你校广播台播出。 1. 时间：昨天下午放学后 2. 地点：回家路上 3. 人物：高一 (2) 班两名男生田力和段凯 4. 事件：边骑车边谈笑, 后追逐一辆公交车, 觉得好玩。公交 车遇红灯停下, 两人来不及刹车, 摔倒在地。一人左手臂摔 断, 一人腿部受伤。 5. 警示：严格遵守交通规则, 切忌在马路上嬉笑玩耍。 ( 学生作文 )

26. http://www.ky51.cn An accident happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. School was over. Tian Li and Duan Kai from Class 2, Grade 1 were riding bikes side by side on the way home after school. They were talking and laughing loudly. When they saw a car which was passing by, they started to run after it. They thought it was very interesting. The traffic lights turned red. They found it was too late to stop the bikes. They fell off the bikes. Tian Li broke his left arm and Duan Kai hurt his leg. I had a good idea. If we don’t obey traffic rules, we might die.

27. http://www.ky51.cn 分析讲解 1. ( 中式英语 )An accident happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. ＊ ( 典型病句 )There was an accident happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. ＊ ( 定语从句 )There was an accident that happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. ＊ ( 高级词汇 )An accident occurred to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. 2. — Tian Li and Duan Kai from Class 2, Grade 1 were riding bikes side by side on the way home after school. They were talking and laughing loudly. ＊ ( 用分词合并 )Tian Li and Duan Kai from Class 2, Grade 1 were heading home by bike, talking and laughing happily.

28. http://www.ky51.cn 3. When they saw a car which was passing by, they started to run after it. They thought it was very interesting. ＊ ( 用分词合并 )Seeing a passing car, they started to chase it, thinking it great fun. 4. The traffic lights turned red. They found it was too late to stop the bikes. ＊ ( 连接词 )The lights turned red, but they found it was too late to stop their bikes. ＊ ( 用分词合并 )Seeing the red traffic lights, they tried to stop but it was too late. ＊ ( 用时间状语从句和结果状语从句 )Unfortunately, the bus stopped the moment the traffic light turned red. The two students were so close to the bus that they were not able to stop their bikes in time.

29. http://www.ky51.cn 5. They fell off the bikes. Tian Li broke his left arm and Duan Kai hurt his leg. ＊ ( 避免用相同结构和词汇 )They fell onto the ground. One’s left arm was broken while the other’s leg got hurt. ＊ ( 高级结构 )They were brought down to the ground. One had his left arm broken while the other got his leg hurt. (the other was badly hurt in the leg.) ＊ ( 高级介词短语 / 独立主格结构 )As a result, they were knocked off the bikes, one with his left arm broken and the other with his leg hurt. 6. I had a good idea. ＊ A good idea occurred to me. ＊ I came up with a good idea. 7. If we don’t obey traffic rules, we might die. ＊ If we go against traffic rules, we might lose our lives. ＊ If we go against traffic rules, we might end up in hospital. ＊ Going against traffic rules might cost us our lives. ＊ Don’t risk our lives going against traffic rules

30. http://www.ky51.cn 【润色后的文章】 An accident occurred to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. After school was over, Tian Li and Dun Kai from Grade 1 were heading home by bike, talking and laughing happily. Seeing a passing bus, they started to chase it, thinking it was great fun. Unfortunately, the bus stopped the moment the traffic light turned red. The two students were so close to the bus that they were not able to stop their bikes in time. As a result, they were knocked off the bikes, one with his left arm broken and the other with his leg hurt. In addition, I came up with a good idea that don’t risk our lives going against traffic rules.

31. http://www.ky51.cn 强化训练 I. 组句 ( 非谓语动词 ) 1. T hey arrived at the school. They felt the happy atmosphere. 2. I will be given another chance. I will succeed. 3. He wants to improve his English. He studies hard. 4. When he arrives, please give me an e-mail. They arrived at the school, feeling the happy atmosphere. Given another chance, I will succeed. To improve his English, he studies hard. Please give me an e mail with him arriving.

32. http://www.ky51.cn 5. 听到这个消息, 他们变得很激动。 the news, they got excited. 6. 尽管被告知许多遍, 他仍然重复这个错。 many times, he still repeated the mistake. 7. 除非被邀请发言, 你应该在会议上保持沉默。 Unless to speak, you should keep silent at the meeting. (On) hearing Told/Informed invited

33. http://www.ky51.cn II. 巧用倒装结构增强句子的表现力 1. He didn’t realize his foolishness until he returned home. Not until____________________________________. 2. We can save the earth by changing the way we live. Only________________________________________. 3. He is clever but he does not work hard. ____________________________________as/though, ________________________________________ 4. The clock tower stands on the other side of the street. On the other side of the street, ______________________. he returned home did he realize his foolishness. by changing the way we live can we save the earth. Clever as he is he does not work hard. stands the clock tower.

34. http://www.ky51.cn III ．按要求改写下列句子, 使其更具文采。 1. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.( 强调句型 ) 2. I hope I can pay a visit to you next year.( 强调 ) 3. Tom was puzzled.( 感叹 ) 4. It is great fun to climb the hill.( 感叹 ) It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened. I do hope I can pay a visit to you next year. /It is next year that I hope I can pay a visit to you. How puzzled Tom was! What great fun to climb the hill!.

35. http://www.ky51.cn 5. Tom and Mary like singing songs.( 肯定倒装 ) 6. John likes to study and play.( 否定倒装 ) 7. Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort.( 使用倒装句 ) 8. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.( 使用 名词性从句 ) 9. Soon the firefighters came.( 表时间句型 ) Tom likes singing songs, so does Mary. Not only does John like to study, but (also) he likes to play. Weak as/though I am, I’ll make the effort. It was not long before the firefighters came. What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.

36. http://www.ky51.cn 10. In recent years, Beijing has been advancing very fast. All these make people’s lives convenient, pleasant and colorful. （ 1 ） ______________________________ which __________________________________ （ 2 ） With the development of ______________________________________, （ 3 ） so that In recent years, Beijing has been advancing very fast makes people’s lives convenient, pleasant and colorful. Beijing’s economy, the people’s lives are becoming convenient pleasant and colorful In recent years, Beijing has been advancing fast all the people’s lives are becoming convenient, pleasant and colorful.

37. http://www.ky51.cn Ⅳ. 给下面文章润色 Now students in China celebrate their birthdays in many ways. Usually, a party is held. Best friends and relatives will come to the party. They usually buy a gift. They show their best wishes. Sometimes, people send short messages too and it is becoming very popular. But I think that it’s better to help other people. We know that it’s important to learn to help other people. Helping other people can do us a lot of good. People will help you because you’ve helped them and you’ll be happy...

38. http://www.ky51.cn Nowadays students in China celebrate their birthdays in various ways. Usually, a party is held so that people can get together. Best friends, as well as relatives, are going to be invited. It’s polite to buy a small gift which stands for one’s best wishes. What’s more, sending short messages on one’s birthday is becoming more and more popular, as a result of its convenience. However, as far as I’m concerned, it’s more meaningful to care about others than about oneself. As is known to all, to give is better than to receive. Birthdays mean not only being older but more helpful and useful to the world. Therefore, it’s of importance to learn to help others. Helping others on one’s birthday can do you a lot of good. For one thing, people will help you in return in the future; for another, you’ll be happy. As a result, I think it better to help others to spend one’s birthday.

39. V. 基础写作 目前, 许多学校对学生采取封闭式管理, 学生对此看法不一。请根据下表所提供的信息, 写一篇短文, 谈谈自己 的看法。 注意： 1. 不要逐字翻译 ; 2. 短文开头已给出, 不计入总词数 ; 3. 词数 100 ～ 120 。 Nowadays a lot of schools keep their students in school all day long.

40. http://www.ky51.cn Nowadays a lot of schools keep their students in school all day long. We have different ideas about that. Now let me tell you our opinions. Some of us hold the idea that if the school keeps us all day long, our freedom will be limited. Moreover, we may lose a lot of social opportunities. Besides, we can’t develop our interests and hobbies fully. Every coin has two sides. Some students think that school is a space to learn knowledge and the only thing we should do is staying there to study. What’s more, because we lack self-awareness, without the guide of teachers, we may make mistakes. In my view, it would be better that school don’t keeps us in school all day long. After all, textbook knowledge is not the only thing we should learn.