1. FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2011 - 2012

2. The 9 Core Technologies

3. What is the definition of Core Technologies? The Building Blocks of Technology Systems.

4. What are the 9 Core Technologies? Mechanical Electrical Thermal Fluid Optical Structural Material Bio-Related Electronic

5. What is Structural Technology? The technology of putting parts together to creating supports, containers, shelters, connectors, and functional shapes.

6. What is Mechanical Technology? The technology of putting together parts to produce, control and transmit motion.

7. What is Materials Technology? The technology of producing, combining, and altering materials.

8. What is Thermal Technology? The technology of producing, storing, controlling, transmitting, or getting work from heat energy?

9. What is Biotechnology? The technology of using, adapting and altering organisms and biological processes for a desired outcome.

10. What is Fluid Technology? The technology of using fluid, either gaseous (pneumatic) or liquid (hydraulic) to apply force or to transport.

11. What is Electrical Technology? The technology of producing, storing, controlling, transmitting, and getting work from electrical energy.

12. What is Optical Technology? The technology of producing light; controlling light; using light for information collection, processing, storage, retrieval, and communication; and using light to do work.

13. What is Electronic Technology? The technology of using small amounts of electricity for controlling, detecting, information collecting, storing, retrieving, processing, and communicating.

14. Technology

15. What is Technology? The application of skills or tools to better human capabilities or enhance lifestyles.

16. When people use resources to produce products or provide services that meet certain wants and needs, what are they creating? They are creating technology.

17. Impacts of Technology Directions: List at least 5 positive impacts and at least 5 negative impacts of technology for the products.

18. Impacts of Technology: Computers Positive Impacts 1.Storage of information 2.Easy retrieval of information 3.Word Processing Programs 4.Internet Accessible 5.Able to play multi- media: Videos, Slide- shows, etc. Negative Impacts 1.The computer crashes occasionally 2.Information can be corrupted causing loss 3.Can be addictive 4.Able to be hacked 5.Able to download Viruses, Malware, and Spyware

19. Impacts of Technology: Airplanes Positive Impacts 1.Faster way to travel 2.More people in one trip 3.Travel over water 4.Travel over mountains/valleys 5.Less vehicles over long distances Negative Impacts 1.High fatality rate when crash occurs 2.Amount of fuel used 3.Ticket prices 4.Drug smugglers 5.911 (enough said)

20. Impacts of Technology: Headphones Positive Impacts 1.Eliminates outside noise 2.Produces desired sound directly into the ear 3.Creates an atmosphere of intense listening 4.Creates good audio playback for musicians 5.Creates excellent audio for portable music Negative Impacts 1.Creates a less social society 2.Increases the chance of deafness 3.May cause headaches 4.Can pass an ear infection from one person to another (earplugs) 5.Can short circuit in one ear

21. Impacts of Technology: Maximum-Security Prisons Positive Impacts 1.Able to keep dangerous people apart from others 2.Keeps order 3.Provides shelter for criminals 4.Reforms criminals 5.Provides punishment and penance for criminals Negative Impacts 1.Produces victims of jail crimes 2.Houses repeat offenders with first time offenders 3.Houses murderers with thieves 4.Cost taxpayers money 5.Does not necessarily reform criminals

22. Impacts of Technology: Automatic Handguns Positive Impacts 1.Provides protection 2.Can be used as a hunting weapon 3.Can be used to defend a city (police) 4.Can be used to defend a country (military/war) 5.Shoots multiple times without reloading Negative Impacts 1.Takes lives/Kills innocent people 2.Can be used as a threat 3.Can be used as deadly force 4.Can fall into the hands of children 5.Some are sold on the street as illegal guns

23. What is a Resource? Something that provides a service, produces a product, or solves a problem.

24. What are the seven resources? People Energy/Power Capital/Money Time Tools/Machines Information Materials

25. What is a System? A group of resources working towards a common goal.

26. What are the 4 parts of a system? Input Output Process Resources

27. What are the basic needs and wants common to all people? Food Shelter Protection Recreation Transportation Communication Water Healthcare

28. What are the activities of technology? Manufacturing Construction Transportation Communication Bio-related

29. What is Manufacturing ? The production of products or goods.

30. What is Construction? The building of structures.

31. What is Transportation? The moving of goods or people.

32. What is Communication? The understanding of others over long distances.

33. What is Bio-related? The altering of organisms.

34. TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS Directions: Create a list of resources used, problems solved, and improvements made for each technology system listed below.

35. What is a Technology System? A group of resources working together, using or producing technology to solve problems and extend human capabilities.

36. Technology Systems Automobile : Resources - Metal Frame, Braking system, automatic/manual transmission, suspension system, structured glass, etc. Problem solved - The automobile shortened travel time over long distances for an individual driver. Improvements - The horse/mule/camel had to rest after long distances. The automobile eliminated the need to stop and rest.

37. Technology Systems Desktop Computer Resources: hard drive, monitor, keyboard, mouse, software Problem solved: storage and retrieval of information electronically Improvements: successor of the typewriter

38. Technology Systems Mousetrap Resources: spring, wood, metal Problem solved: mice/rats are caught by use of bait; Elimination of pests. Improvements: more efficient way to trap mice/rats

39. Technology Systems Vacuum Cleaner Resources: electric motor (suction), brush, bag, wheels, hard plastic Problem solved: automatic suction of dirt and lint from floors instead of physical work. Improvements: successor of the broom

40. Technology Systems Steam Iron Resources: metal, heating core, hard plastic, temperature control Problem solved: no longer using spray bottles to soften clothes before ironing Improvements: successor of the non-steam iron. Elimination of spray

41. Technology Systems Telephone Resources: hard plastic, wire, audio receiver, handset, numbered buttons Problem solved: able to hear and speak to the person you are communicating with. Improvements: successor of the telegraph

42. Floor Plan Design

43. What is a Floor Plan? The top view of a building at a specified floor level. A floor plan includes all room locations and sizes.

44. What is a Bubble Diagram? Spaces are designed to show proximity relationships to one another.

45. What are the 3 types of floor plan systems? Linear Centralized Axial

46. What is a Linear Floor Plan? A floor layout where the spaces are arranged along a common/main corridor (hallway). Examples: Schools, Office Buildings, Apartment Building, etc.;

47. What is a Centralized Floor Plan? A floor layout where the spaces arranged around a central area, usually a courtyard. Examples: Museums, Shopping Malls, Stadiums, etc.;

48. What is an Axial Floor Plan? A floor layout where the spaces arranged along corridors (hallways) from a central area in a radial pattern. Examples: Strip Malls, Large Schools, Theaters, etc.;

49. Measurements Students must be able to identify all increments of the ruler.

50. Measurements Notes to remember: Every single line equals 1/16” Every two lines equals 1/8” Every four lines equals 1/4” Every eight lines equals 1/2" Every sixteen lines equals 1”

51. Measurements 3/8” 1-9/16” 2-15/16” 4-3/4”

52. Measurements 1/8” 1-1/16” 3-13/16” 5-5/16”

53. Perspectives

54. What is an One-Point Perspective? A drawing in which the front view is drawn to its true scale and all receding sides are projected to a single vanishing point located on the horizon.

55. What is a Vanishing Point? A point on a perspective drawing that all lines are projected towards. It is known as the point at which projection lines intersect on a perspective drawing.

56. What is a Pictorial Drawing? A picture-like drawing that shows several sides of an object in one drawing. The two types of pictorial drawings are known as isometric and perspective.

57. What is an Isometric Drawing? Drawings that are used extensively in mechanical engineering work. A realistic representation of a drawing in three-dimensions.

58. What is a Two-Point Perspective? A drawing in which the receding sides are projected to two vanishing points, one on each end of the horizon line.

59. Simple Machines

60. SIMPLE MACHINES: LEVERS What is a lever? A rigid bar that rests on a support called a fulcrum which lifts or moves loads. How does a lever help you? Levers exert a large force over a small distance by exerting a small force over a greater distance.

61. SIMPLE MACHINES: INCLINED PLANE What is an inclined plane? An inclined plane is a sloped surface along which a load is moved by force. How does an inclined plane help you? An inclined plane makes work easier by breaking an upward or downward movement into small increments.

62. Graffiti

63. What is Graffiti? An inscription or drawing made on some public surface.

64. What are 4 ways Graffiti is illustrated? 1.Diagram: a graphic design 2.Sketch: a rough outline 3.Cartoon: a drawing intended to be humorous 4.Image: a graphic representation

65. What are 3 uses of Graffiti? 1.Murals – Wall paintings 2.Tagging - Illegal writing on public surfaces 3.Presentations - Adds creativity to boards

66. What is Shading? An area of relatively dark tone or close lines, dots, or hatching that produces darkness or shadow in a drawing or picture.

67. What is a Fade? To lose or make something lose brightness, color, or loudness gradually

68. What is a Shadow? A darkened shape on a surface that falls behind somebody or something blocking the light

69. What is Rendering? An architect’s representation of the inside and outside of a finished building, drawn in perspective

70. What is Blending? To shade from one color to another without obvious transitions and boundaries; to mix different substances together so that they do not readily separate

71. What is Stipple? To give something, for example, wet paint or plaster, a rough grainy texture with dabbing strokes

72. What is a Sketch? A drawing or painting that is done quickly without concern for detail.

73. Inventions and Innovations

74. What is an Invention? An invention can be thought of as a new human- made device or process.

75. What is an Innovation? Innovation can be thought of as simply a better way of doing things. Another concept of innovation is simply an improvement.

76. What is Design? The process of designing solutions to technological problems— innovating and inventing.

77. What is Brainstorming? A plan for making something.

78. What is a Design Brief? A statement of the problem that is to be solved.

79. What is a Prototype? A one-of-a-kind model; A preliminary model of a product.

80. What is the Design process? A process that uses problem solving to arrive at the best solution, or design.

81. Bridges

82. What are 7 types of bridges? 1.BEAM 2.SUSPENSION 3.ARCH 4.DRAWBRIDGE/MOVABLE 5.TRUSS 6.CABLE-STAYED 7.CANTILEVER

83. What are the four forces acting on a bridge? Compression – Squeezing Tension – Stretching Shear – Sliding Torsion - Twisting

84. What are the loads acting on a bridge? Weight of structure Weight of object Soft soil Temperature Earthquake Wind Vibration

85. What materials are used to construct a bridge? Wood Plastic Aluminum Brick Concrete Reinforced Concrete Cast Iron Steel

86. What shapes are used in bridges? Rectangles Arches Triangles

87. Careers

88. What is an Architect? A designer and constructor of buildings. Architects must be able to graphically communicate ideas and designs. An artist, engineer, and businessman combined.

89. What is a Draftsman? She or he translates the ideas, sketches, and designs of an architect into sets of drawings from which a structure can be built. The work includes drawings, sketching, tracing, computation, and detailing.

90. What is a Structural Engineer? The structural engineer, through the use of calculations, designs the structural part of buildings.

91. What is a City Planner? The city planner studies and plans the development or redevelopment of large areas such as cities, communities, housing projects, commercial projects, and so forth.

92. What is a Civil Engineer? The civil engineer handles the calculating and designing also done by the structural engineer.

93. What is an Electrical Engineer? The electrical engineer in the building trade designs the electrical components of structures.

94. What is a Mechanical Engineer? He or she works in production, the use of power, and machines which use power. The mechanical engineer who works in the building trades designs for operational parts of a structure.

95. What is a Contractor? The contractor is a business- person who is responsible for the construction and finishing of a structure. He or she can do this work either with his or her own employees or by subcontracting other workers.

96. Materials

97. What is Cement? A masonry adhesive material purchased in the form of pulverized powder. Any substance used in its soft state to join other materials together and which afterwards dries and hardens.

98. What is Concrete? A mixture of cement, sand, gravel, and water.

99. What is Insulation? Materials for obstructing the passage of sound, heat, or cold from one surface to another.

100. What are Reinforcing Bars? Steel rods embedded in concrete making the concrete form stronger.

101. What is Common Brick? The most available brick in the U.S. usually made of red clay.

102. What is Plywood? A piece of wood made of three or more layers of veneer joined with glue and usually laid with the grain of adjoining plies at right angles.

103. Energy Sources

104. What are two types of energy sources? Renewable Nonrenewable

105. What are 5 examples of renewable energy? Solar Wind Geothermal Hydropower Hydrogen Bioenergy Nuclear Fusion

106. What are 3 examples of nonrenewable energy? Oil Gas Coal (Fossil fuels)

107. Wood Towers

108. Wood Tower Design Principles Structural Shapes The best wood tower designs use basic structural shapes, such as triangles, whose firmness allows them to support weight in a secure fashion. Squares and other polygons can also be used in tower designs, but require support if they are to bear weight without twisting and giving way.

109. Wood Tower Design Principles Joint Types A good wood tower design incorporates several types of joints to help increase its tensile strength. Butt joints are the simplest of joints as they simply consist of two members butted together and adhered with glue. Lap joints, on the other hand, use an overlapping method to join two pieces of wood or other material and offer greater stability.

110. Wood Tower Design Principles Symmetry Symmetry is essential to an excellent wood tower design. It is a good idea to form each one of the two main sides of a tower as they rest directly on top of one another.

111. Wood Tower Design Principles Adhesives The best wood tower designs require the sparing use of glue and other liquid adhesives. Many competitions require you to have your tower weighed, and excessive glue adds a considerable amount of additional mass to a tower. Do not use glue to fill gaps, and make sure all measurements are exact.

112. Wood Tower Design Principles Tensile Strength Pre-tests are important in determining good balsa wood tower designs. Strips differ in weight- bearing strengths, or tensile strengths, and it is important to group similar pieces together. During the final assembly of the tower, the strongest pieces will be most suitable for the longest parts of the structure, while weaker pieces better support shorter portions.

113. How much did you learn this year?