2. Vital Statistics Vital events Births Measuring tools (descriptive) Rates and ratios Crude Rates Standardized Rates etc. Measuring tools (analytical) Non-parametric tools Odds ratios and Model building (logistic regression) etc by using softwares Deaths Measuring tools (descriptive) Rates and ratios Crude Rates Standardized Rates etc) Measuring tools (analytical) Odds ratios Model building for calculating Probability of dying Causal analysis for locating causes of deaths through softwares

3. Meaning of vital statistics There are some factors which cause changes in the size and composition of human population like births add and deaths take away some members of the population. Such factors are called Vital Events.

4. Example of Vital events The vital events include: Births Deaths Migrations Marriages Divorces Sickness etc

5. Vital Statistics The collection, presentation and analysis of vital events constitute vital statistics. The term vital statistics may also be defined as the data systematically collected and compiled in numerical form, relating to or derived from records of vital events. Vital statistics thus includes the whole study of man and throws light on various social and medical problems.

6. Births and Deaths Data Records in Pakistan (?)

7. Births and Deaths Data Records in Pakistan Each birth and death that take place in Pakistan, is an integral part of the national registration system. The provincial governments are required to report births and deaths they register through the local bodies to the respective registration offices. The province of Pakistan contain rural and urban areas, and the registration of births and deaths is carried out separately for the two types of areas.

8. a. In Rural Areas In rural areas, the registration of births and deaths and the maintenance of vital statistics is the function of rural local councils. It is the responsibility of the head of the household in which a birth or death has occurred to get the event registered within 4 days of its occurrence either at the office of union council directly or to report the event to the chowkidar (village watchman) who gets it registered at the office of the union council when he visits it.

9. After that the rural local councils send a copy of entries in birth and death registers to their respective district registration offices.

10. b. In Urban Areas In urban areas, the Municipal Corporations, the Municipal Committees, Town Committees and Cantonments Boards register all births and deaths occurring within their respective limits. The event is reported for its registration by the head of the household in which a birth or death has occurred. In respect of births, the midwife/ dai attending at a birth, is also required to report the occurance of birth to the registration office.

11. The occurrence of a birth or death in a Government or Municipal hospital, a private hospital or any other public institution, is reported by the office incharge of such an institution.

12. Uses of Vital Statistics (?)

13. Uses of Vital Statistics The important uses of vital statistics are enumerated below: Changing patterns of the population Facilities and Public Policies Business Planning Government Planning Medical Planning Arrangements for Vaccinations

14. Birth and Death Certificates Systematic Data Records for Census Estimating Trends of Population Actuarial Sciences Business Prospects Public Health Organizations

15. 1. Changing patterns of the population The vital statistics exhibit the changing pattern of the population of a country.

16. 2. Facilities and Public Policies Births and mortality / death rates computed from vital data, throw light upon medical facilities, standard of living, making public policies like introducing term and conditions of insurance polities etc.

17. 3. Business Planning On the basis of trends in births and deaths, many manufacturers plan their production of goods such as food, clothing, medicines and other articles needed for children and aged people.

18. 4. Government Planning The vital statistics are used by a number of government and private agencies to draw up their social and economic plans. For instance, planning and production of housing and educational facilities, planning and operating of social security programmes, etc depend on vital statistics.

19. 5. Medical Planning Vital statistics in respect of incidence of diseases, number of deaths, etc. are of great use in taking remedial measures to prevent or control the spread of diseases.

20. 6. Arrangements for Vaccinations The arrangements can be made for inoculation and vaccination can be made.

21. 7. Birth and Death Certificates Birth and death certificates are needed in many circumstances.

22. 8. Systematic Data Records for Census Accurately registered and systematically collected vital statistics can be used to check up the accuracy of data provided by the census.

23. 9. Estimating Trends of Population The reproduction rates are studied to know whether the population of a country is increasing, decreasing or stable.

24. 10. Actuarial Sciences The actuaries uses vital statistics when estimating life insurance premium to be charged.

25. 11. Business Prospects The business prospects of jewelers, furniture manufacturers are influenced by the trends in marriage rates.

26. 12. Public Health Organizations The vital statistics are the administrative and research needs of public health agencies.