2. Ubiquitous Computing: Why and How By David G. Brown VP, Dean, and Professor of Economics Wake Forest University http://www.wfu.edu/~brownhttp://www.wfu.edu/~brown and brown@wfu.edu ICCEL Conference on Affordable Models of Ubiquitous Computing June 23, 2000

3. http://www.vcsu.nodak.edu/offices/itc/notebooks/other.htm

4. http://thenode.org/ltreport/list.cfm?Subj=26&Loc=LTR

5. 8 BASIC MODELS OF UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING (Ordered by total cost, starting with the most expensive) All + Powerful + Laptops + Annual Refresh UMC Refresh Less Frequently WFU WVWC Substitute Desktop Computers USAFA Provide One Computer Per Two Beds Chatham Specify Threshold Level SSU UNC Substitute Network Computers Provide Public Station Computers BC Teach with Explicit Assumption of Access

6. WAYS TO REDUCE START UP COSTS Annual Lease Phase in by classes Phase in by programs Phase in by type of program Phase in by category (faculty, students, staff) Hand me down Loaner Pool

7. WHY COMPUTERS? WHY UBIQUITOUS? WHY STANDARD? WHY PORTABLE?

8. WHY COMPUTERS? …the faculty answer Interactive Learning Learn by Doing Collaborative Learning Integration of Theory and Practice Visualization Communication Different Strokes for Different Folks

9. WHY COMPUTERS? …the institutional answer Communication! Level Playing Field After College Use Faculty/Students Demand Them Customized/Personalized Digitized Scholarship

10. WHY UBIQUITOUS? Mentality shifts-- like from public phone to personal phone. Teaching Assumptions shift-- like from readings are on reserve to everyone owns a copy of his/her own. Timelines shift-- like from “our class meets MWF” to “we see each other all the time and MWF we meet together ” Students’ sense of access shifts-- like from “I can get that book in the library” to “I have that book in my library.” Relationships shift-- like from a family living in many different states to all family members living in the same tow

11. Computers Enhance My Teaching and/or Learning Via-- Presentations Better--20% More Opportunities to Practice & Analyze--35% More Access to Source Materials via Internet--43% More Communication with Faculty Colleagues, Classmates, and Between Faculty and Students--87%

12. WHY STANDARD? Communication Utility! (George Gilder) 99% Reliability A Must in Classroom Buddies Share Hardware & Knowledge Better, Cheaper Support Systems Marketing Advantages Faculty “Trusts” Equality of Access

13. WHY PORTABLE?

14. Distinctive Opportunities Available Only in Laptop Settings Faculty are always available Students expect messages between classes Student PowerPoint talks are common Team assignments increase On site data collection & essay writing Papers often include visuals, even motion Study at best location, not limited to dorm Continuous contact

15. WHY PORTABLE? Academic Reasons Continuous Contact More Collaboration Greater Faculty Availability Greater Sense of Ownership More Flexibility: On site data collection & essay writing. In class use. Study at best location, not limited to dorm

16. Stronger Recruitment/Retention Quick exchange when machine is broken Fewer Computer Labs: More Space for Other Activities Built in refresh mechanism Access to college continues when on vacation, abroad, and after graduation WHY PORTABLE? Administrative Reasons

17. The Big Six #1. E-mail #2. Web Pages (for each course) #3. Internet URLs #4. Lotus Screen Cams #5. PowerPoint with Audio #6. Microsoft Word with Comment

18. Actions Toward Capitalizing on Ubiquity, Standardization, and Portability Ask more of students! (new day) Encourage students to use computers in their non-course life (as well). Design activities that start before class and extend beyond class. Expect students to bring computers to prof office, to friend’s dorm room, adjunct prof. Add Fieldwork

19. Continued... Explore team taught courses, especially between departments and schools Facilitate continuing contact with students after course and after college Require all students to submit in class answers (so none coasts) Structure rewards for collaborative projects Recognize that old limits of lab availability are gone.

20. Continued…. Create student portfolios Other things equal, design projects that may be completed on the laptops as well as in computer labs Put students and faculty on same software systems, especially email Study the competition Use students to train faculty.

21. Continued… Expect slower students to repeat in class demos, etc. Revitalize departmental clubs Consider offsite studio labs (in the garden) Get more students studying abroad Recognize the laptop as a portable presentation tool (both faculty & students) Use anytime, anywhere access by students-- including in class (updated info) Don’t use laptops where they don’t make sense

22. Positioning for the Future What are your institution’s strengths & weaknesses How do you determine your place in an electronic world? What will be your primary student markets--program areas? Degree credit? Geographic span? Age? What are the appropriate delivery technologies next year? 5 years? Etc? What is a realistic staffing plan? Outsourcing? Support personnel? Executive leadership? What institutional partnerships make sense?

23. BIG ISSUES Communication vs Presentation vs Analysis vs Access to Internet Virtual Courses vs Hybrids Academic vs Administrative Consortia vs Going It Alone Today’s Students vs Alums Also Mandatory vs Optional

24. BIG ISSUES Laptop vs Desktop vs Network Standard vs Threshold Single Vendor vs Multiple Vendors Buy vs Lease vs Student Buy LearningSpace vs CourseInfo vs WebCT vs Other Mgt Systems Cold Turkey vs Pilot

25. David G. Brown Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, N.C. 27109 336-758-4878 email: brown@wfu.edu http//:www.wfu.edu/~brown fax: 336-758-4875