1. International Workshop on Hadron Nuclear Physics 2009 (RCNP, Osaka University, November 16-19, 2009 ) Present status of microscopic theory for complex nucleus-nucleus interactions T. Furumoto (Osaka City Univ.) Y. Sakuragi (Osaka City Univ.) Y. Yamamoto (Tsuru Univ.) V NN R T.Furumoto, Y. Sakuragi, Y. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. C 80 (2009) 044614

2. Understanding the interactions between composite nuclei (AA interactions), starting from NN interaction : one of the fundamental subject in nuclear physics one of the key issue to understand various nuclear reactions: optical potentials: elastic scattering distorting potentials as doorway to various reactions (inelastic, transfer, knockout, breakup … ) important to survey unknown nuclear structures/reaction of unstable nuclei far from stability lines (N>>Z, Z>>N), where few/no elastic- sacttering data & phenom. potential informations. V NN R

3. Phenomenolocical optical potentials: needs Exp. Data ( elastic scattering ) to determine potential parameters ( e.g. Woods-Saxon form ) U opt (R) = V opt (R) + i W opt (R) : complex  optical potential for composite systems (AA) has large ambiguity of depth & shape due to strong absorption ( in most cases )  → only sensitive to potential at nuclear surface R

4. R

6. Volume integral per nucleon ( J V and J W ) for AA optical potentials : E-dependence

7. Microscopic / semi-microscopic models : starting from NN interactions ( V NN ) V NN : effective NN interaction in nuclear medium should have proper density-dependence (ρ-dep) consistent with nuclear saturation properties should have proper energy-dependence (E-dep) should be complex ( real-part + imaginary part ) However, no such ideal effective V NN so far ! V NN R

8.  Melbourne G-matrix : by K. Amos et al., (Melbourne group) Adv. Nucl. Phys. Vol.25 (2000) 275  JLM interaction : by J.P.Jeukenne, A.Lejeune, C.Mahaux, Phys. Rev. C 16, 80 (1977)  CEG : (Complex Effective potential with Gaussian form factor) by N.Yamaguchi, S.Nagata, T.Matsuda. (Miyazaki group) Prog.Theor.Phys.70, 459 (1983), ibid. 76, 1289 ( 1986) Complex G-matrix interaction to be used in Folding-model calculations designed for N-A system, only up to normal density

9. R r1r1 r2r2 v NN (s) Projectile Target Double-Folding Model (DFM) effective NN interaction

10. V NN R riri TargetProjectile Double-Folding Model (DFM) rjrj Double-Folding Model  effective NN interaction (Direct+Exchange)  folding model AA interaction (Direct+Exchange)

11. Simple M3Y ( 1975 ～ 1985 ) real part only (add a phenom. imag. pot) zero-range exchange term no density-dependence ⇒ too deep at short distances, but gives a reasonable strength at nuclear surface  due to strong absorption for Heavy Ions (HI) ⇒ sensitive only to nuclear surface ⇒ “Successful” for low-energy (E/A<30 MeV) scattering of heavy-ion (HI) projectiles with A p <40 [ G.R.Satchler and W.G.Love, Phys.Rep.55,183(1979) ] V NN R riri TargetProjectile Double-Folding Model (DFM) rjrj R

12. Double-Folding-model potentials with M3Y (density- independent) M.Katsuma, Y.Sakuragi, S.Okabe, Y.Kondo, Prog.Theor.Phys. 107 (2002) 377 Prog.Theor.Phys. 107 (2002) 377 V NN R riri TargetProjectile Double-Folding Model (DFM) rjrj E/A=22 MeV

13. Introduction of density-dependence ： DDM3Y-ZR (with zero-range exchange term) ⇒ greatly reduce the potential strength at short distances ⇒ reproduce refractive phenomena, such as nuclear-rainbow (eg. 4 He+A, 16 O+ 16 O )

14. Double-Folding-model potentials with M3Y (density- independent) with DDM3Y (density- dependent) M.Katsuma, Y.Sakuragi, S.Okabe, Y.Kondo, Prog.Theor.Phys. 107 (2002) 377 Prog.Theor.Phys. 107 (2002) 377 V NN R riri TargetProjectile Double-Folding Model (DFM) rjrj E/A=22 MeV

15. V NN R riri TargetProjectile Double-Folding Model (DFM) rjrj Double-Folding Model  effective NN interaction (Direct+Exchange)  folding model AA interaction (Direct+Exchange) zero-range exch. finite-range exch.

16. M.Katsuma, Y.Sakuragi, S.Okabe, Y.Kondo, Prog.Theor.Phys. 107 (2002) 377 Prog.Theor.Phys. 107 (2002) 377 DFM potential with ・ DDM3Y-ZR (zero-range exchange term) compated with ・ DDM3Y-FR ( finite-range exchange term)

17. Th. Rijken, Y. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. C 73 (2006) 044008 New complex G-matrix interaction （ CEG07 ） T.Furumoto, Y. Sakuragi and Y. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. C 78 (2008) 044610 1. derived from ESC04 “ESC04” : the latest version of Extended Soft-Core force designed for NN, YN and YY systems 2. Three body force Three-body attraction (TBA) Three-body repulsion (TBR) 3. up to higher density region for the local density prescription in the case of DFM

18. Extended Soft-Core model : “ESC04” force designed for NN, YN and YY interactions Th. Rijken, Y. Yamamoto, Phys.Rev.C 73 (2006) 044008 Complex G-matrix interaction （ CEG07 ） T.Furumoto, Y. Sakuragi and Y. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. C 78 (2008) 044610 1. Three-body attractive (TBA) ・ originated from Fujita-Miyazawa diagram ・ important at low density region 2. Three-body repulsive (TBR) ・ universal three-body repulsion (NNN, NNY, NYY) originated from triple-meson correlation ・ important at high-density region

19. New complex G-matrix interaction （ CEG07 ） CEG07b +Three body repulsive (TBR) +Three body attractive (TBA) CEG07a With only Two-Body Force Decisive role to make the saturation curve realistic Incompressibility K (at k F = 1.35 fm -1 ) (at k F = 1.35 fm -1 ) ・ 259 MeV (with TBF) ・ 106 MeV (w/o TBF) T.Furumoto, Y. Sakuragi, Y. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. C 78 (2008) 044610

20. Double folding Potential with complex-G (CEG07) R r1r1 r2r2 v NN (s) projectile(P) target(T)  T.Furumoto, Y. Sakuragi, Y. Yamamoto, (Phys. Rev. C 79 (2009) 011601(R) )  T.Furumoto, Y. Sakuragi, Y. Yamamoto, (Phys. Rev. C 80 (2009) 044614 )  Complex G-matrix interaction (CEG07)

21. Double folding Potential with complex-G (CEG07) R r1r1 r2r2 v NN (s) projectile(P) target(T) Renormalization factor for the imaginary part  T.Furumoto, Y. Sakuragi, Y. Yamamoto, (Phys. Rev. C 79 (2009) 011601(R) )  T.Furumoto, Y. Sakuragi, Y. Yamamoto, (Phys. Rev. C 80 (2009) 044614 )

22. Renormalization of the imaginary part strength So, we renormalize (suppress) the imaginary part strength Discrete Continuum Finite nuclei ・・・・・ Continuum BHF theory (G-matrix) ・・・・・

23. 16 O + 16 O elastic scattering E/A = 70 MeV T.Furumoto, Y. Sakuragi, Y. Yamamoto, (Phys. Rev. C79 (2009) 011601(R) ) T.Furumoto, Y. Sakuragi, Y. Yamamoto, (Phys. Rev. C80 (2009) 044614 ) important effect of three-body force

24. 16 O + 16 O elastic scattering E/A = 70 MeV important effect of three-body force Without TBF T.Furumoto, Y. Sakuragi, Y. Yamamoto, (Phys. Rev. C79 (2009) 011601(R) ) T.Furumoto, Y. Sakuragi, Y. Yamamoto, (Phys. Rev. C80(2009)044614 )

25. 16 O + 12 C, 28 Si, 40 Ca 12 C + 12 C elastic scattering three-body force important effect of three-body force T.Furumoto, Y. Sakuragi, Y. Yamamoto, (Phys. Rev. C 80 (2009) 044614)

26. 16 O + 16 O elastic scattering at E/A = 100 ～ 400 MeV  becomes repulsive around E/A = 300 ～ 400 MeV

27. 0+0+ 31-31- 21+21+ 16 O coupled-channel (CC) calculation with complex-G (CEG07)

28. 9,11 Li + 12 C “quasi-elastic” scattering 9 Li 2n 11 Li 0+0+ 31-31- 21+21+ 12 C 02+02+ 3α 9 Li 12 C + +

29. 9,11 Li + 12 C “quasi-elastic” scattering Y.Hirabayashi, S.Funada and Y. Sakuragi (Proceedings of International Symposium on Structure and Reactions of Unstable Nuclei, pp227-pp232 (1991) )  9 Li density : proton, neutron ⇒ single Gaussian form  11 Li density : 9 Li + di-neutron model 9 Li 2n 11 Li

30. 9,11 Li + 12 C “quasi-elastic” scattering E/A ~ 60 MeV Exp. data : J. J. Kolata et al., (Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (1993) 2631 coupled-channel (CC) calculation with complex-G (CEG07)

31. ⇒ Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels (CDCC) method α d 6 Li 6 Li elastic scattering with 6 Li→α+d break-up Y. Sakuragi, M, Ito, Y. Hirabayashi, C. Samanta (Prog. Theor. Phys. 98 (1997) 521)

32. elastic scattering of 6 Li by 12 C, 28 Si at E/A = 53 MeV CDCC cal. with complex-G (CEG07) folding model  CDCC cal. with complex-G (CEG07) folding model Exp. data : A. Nadasen et al., (Phys. Rev. C. 47 (1993) 674

33. Summary We have proposed a new complex G-matrix (“CEG07”),We have proposed a new complex G-matrix (“CEG07”), - derived from ESC04(extended soft-core) NN force - derived from ESC04(extended soft-core) NN force - include three-body force (TBF) effect - include three-body force (TBF) effect - calculated up to higher density (about twice normal density) - calculated up to higher density (about twice normal density) We have apply DFM with new complex G-matrix (“CEG07”)We have apply DFM with new complex G-matrix (“CEG07”) to nucleus-nucleus (AA) elastic scattering to nucleus-nucleus (AA) elastic scattering CEG07 is successful for nucleus-nucleus elastic scatteringCEG07 is successful for nucleus-nucleus elastic scattering - reproduce cross section data for 12 C, 16 O elastic scattering - reproduce cross section data for 12 C, 16 O elastic scattering by 12 C, 16 O, 28 Si, 40 Ca targets at various energies. by 12 C, 16 O, 28 Si, 40 Ca targets at various energies. We have found a decisive role of Three-body repulsive force effectWe have found a decisive role of Three-body repulsive force effect We also demonstrated possible applications to nuclear reactions including unstable nucleiWe also demonstrated possible applications to nuclear reactions including unstable nuclei