1. Cellular Respiration! a crucial exothermic reaction for all living things!

2. Remember! Photosynthesis is an Endothermic Reaction that takes Place in a plants chloroplast 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 REACTANTS PRODUCTS Summarize the steps of Photosynthesis

3. Light independent reactions -Recycles ADP and NADP+ as waste products to be used again -Uses the H of NADPH and the ATP to break down CO 2 and create C 6 H 12 0 6 C 6 H 12 0 6 -Known as the Calvin Cycle C0 2 ADP and NADP+ ATP and NADPH 0202 H20H20 -H bonds to the hydrogen carrier (NADP+) to be used later to become a part of glucose Light Dependent reactions -Energy from light breaks up water into 2H and O and create ATP Sunlight Photosynthesis “Boxes” Putting it all together

4. What is Photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food, using energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar. What is the Purpose of Photosynthesis? ●To make food for the plant (food in the form of glucose, a type of sugar).

5. Why is photosynthesis important to all life? Plants make food (glucose, a type of sugar) through a process called photosynthesis This sugar (stored energy) is sent throughout the plant for its cells to use Animals eat a plant or another plant-eater in order to obtain the energy originally stored in plants This is how both plants and animals get the energy they need to live and thrive Any extra sugar not used by the plant is stored somewhere in the plant (i.e: roots, stem, leaves, etc.) Both plants and animals break down this sugar into a form they can use, in order to release its stored energy. This process is called cellular respiration

6. What is Cellular Respiration? ●Cellular Respiration is the process by which cells, in plants & animals, use oxygen for breaking down sugar to release the stored energy. What is the Purpose of Cellular Respiration? ●To get cells the energy they need to function.

7. Why is Cellular Respiration Necessary in Plants & Animals? ●The energy stored in sugar needs to be released so that it can be turned to a form useful to cells. If living things could not get the energy out of food, food would be absolutely worthless and all living thing would eventually die.

8. Why do Cellular Respiration? why does this equation look familiar?

9. So what exactly is cellular respiration? -A process that occurs in the mitochondria of plant and animal cells What goes into Cellular Respiration? -Glucose and Oxygen What comes out of Cellular Respiration? - Carbon Dioxide and Water

10. Animals are able to store glucose very well. Yet animals are not able to store gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. This is why animals need to breathe all the time! With every breath, you take in the oxygen gas that you need for cellular respiration. You also breath out carbon dioxide, the waste product of the process. In animals waste products are released into the blood. Carbon Dioxide is carried to the lungs, where it is exchanged for oxygen in the alveoli (and eventually exhaled). Water is carried to the kidneys, where it is removed in urine.

11. All living things do cellular respiration -Plants -Animals -Bacteria There are 2 types of respiration -Aerobic Respiration -oxygen must be present -Anaerobic Respiration -takes place in the absence of oxygen

12. Aerobic Respiration -goes through three steps to break down glucose and make energy -makes a net of 36 ATP molecules -remember: ATP = chemical energy

13. Aerobic Respiration Steps 1. G lycolysis * M akes 2 ATP 1.Kreb’s cycle/ 2. E lectron transport chain * Steps 2 & 3 make 34 ATP Where in the cell does aerobic cell respiration occur? Glycolysis in cytoplasm Kreb’s cycle/ETC: in mitochondria

14. Summarize the Steps! Kreb’s Cycle

15. Anaerobic Respiration -Also known as fermentation -Two Types: -Lactic Acid Fermentation -Alcoholic Fermentation -makes a net of 2 ATP molecules

16. Why would organisms use anaerobic respiration? Many living things can also make ATP without oxygen. This is true of some plants and fungi and also of many bacteria. These organisms use aerobic respiration when oxygen is present, but when oxygen is in short supply, they use anaerobic respiration instead. some bacteria only use anaerobic respiration. An important way of making ATP without oxygen is called fermentation. It involves glycolysis, but not the other two stages of aerobic respiration.

17. Lactic Acid Fermentation In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvic acid from glycolysis changes to lactic acid.glycolysis This type of fermentation is carried out by the bacteria in yogurt. It is also used by your own muscle cells when you work them hard and fast.cells Alcoholic Fermentation In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic acid changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide. This type of fermentation is carried out by yeasts and some bacteria. It is used to make bread, wine, and biofuels.

18. Summarize the aerobic and anaerobic respiration